Mathematical reasoning requires perseverance to overcome the cognitive and affective difficulties encountered whilst pursuing a reasoned line of enquiry. The aims of the study were: to understand how children's perseverance in mathematical reasoning (PiMR) manifests in reasoning activities, and to examine how PiMR can be facilitated through a…

Event-related potentials are used to test the hypothesis that an intuitive misconception persists in the mind even after the acquisition of scientific knowledge. We investigated the temporal dynamics of neural mechanisms in solving a scientific problem involving a common misconception. It showed that the increased P2 component was elicited by the…

The cognition processes of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in solving mathematical problems is still rarely studied in depth, although the prevalence of the students is increasing. The purpose of this research was to describe the cognition processes of students with ASD in solving mathematical problems. The subjects in this research…

Typical physics textbook problems often include supportive diagrams that visualize the physical situation although the potential benefits of providing such diagrams is not yet fully established. We used eye tracking to explore the role of supportive diagrams in problem solving. Including a supportive diagram with the text of the problem improved…

In classroom learning, students need mathematical cognitive flexibility to be able to solve mathematical problems with the various ideas they express. To solve the problems, they must be able to grasp the problem, see it from various points of view, and should not be rigid thinking with one solving method. In fact, the students still lack the…

Schematic chunks denote patterns, schemes, or sophisticated rules and knowledge stored in the long-term memory in the form of chunks. We investigated whether schematic chunking is effective in improving the performance of students with math difficulties (MD) and students at risk of math failure, and how the complexity level of geometry problems…

The author was an engineer for 20 years in both development and applications followed by 15 years as adult educator primarily at a Midwestern urban university with under-represented students. Beginning fall 2008 and for the next 7 years, he developed interventions for "underprepared" STEMM (STEM and pre-Medical) students. This freshmen…

This study describes the mathematical processes in TIMSS (Trends in Mathematics and Science Study) to reflect issues. A descriptive qualitative methodology was used in this analysis as the research approach. The research allocated the respondent to the 6th grade students of Muhammadiyah 6 in the sub-district of Dau, Malang regency, East Java,…

The present study investigated the usefulness of a pre-programmed, teleoperated, socially assistive peer robot in dynamic testing of complex problem solving utilising the Tower of Hanoi. The robot, in a 'Wizard of Oz' setting, provided instructions and prompts during dynamic testing to children when they had to solve 3 D Tower of Hanoi puzzles.…

The primary purpose of this paper is to describe the variety of active engagements that characterize student behaviors in active learning classrooms (ALCs) across an undergraduate degree program. The number of different engagement types observed during a single class meeting varied between two and eight across 23 different courses. Three forms of…

We address the notion that different student grouping configurations in the classroom may provide different sets of opportunities for English learners (ELs) -- students whose home language is not English (the language of instruction in the U.S.) -- to both learn science and develop a second language through different forms of social interaction.…

The present study attempts to identify the effectiveness of Marzano's dimensions of learning model in developing creative thinking skills among the students of the foundation year at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. To achieve the study objective, a scale of creative thinking skills and a guide were prepared by the author to…

Students' difficulties in quantum mechanics may be the result of unproductive framing rather than a fundamental inability to solve the problems or misconceptions about physics content. Using the theoretical lens of epistemological framing, we applied previously developed frames to seek an underlying structure to the long lists of published…

The current study investigated how item formats and their inherent affordances influence test-takers' cognition under uncertainty. Adult participants solved content-equivalent math items in multiple-selection multiple-choice and four alternative grid formats. The results indicated that participants' affirmative response tendency (i.e., judge the…

This paper examines the contrast and distinction between divergent and convergent scientific creativity, and the paradoxical relationship of scientific creativity with cultural factors in elementary students. With a newly developed measure of potential for scientific creativity, EPoC Science (Lubart et al., in press), students produce ideas in…