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Peer reviewed
Direct linkCleary, Laura; Looney, Kathy; Brady, Nuala; Fitzgerald, Michael – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2014
The "body inversion effect" refers to superior recognition of upright than inverted images of the human body and indicates typical configural processing. Previous research by Reed et al. using static images of the human body shows that people with autism fail to demonstrate this effect. Using a novel task in which adults, adolescents…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Human Body, Adolescents, Autism
Roderer, Thomas; Krebs, Saskia; Schmid, Corinne; Roebers, Claudia M. – Infant and Child Development, 2012
Selectivity in encoding, aspects of attentional control and their contribution to learning performance were explored in a sample of preschoolers. While the children are performing a learning task, their encoding of relevant and attention towards irrelevant information was recorded through an eye-tracking device. Recognition of target items was…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Young Children, Executive Function, Attention Control
Hyland, John M.; O'Hora, Denis P.; Leslie, Julian C.; Smyth, Sinead – Psychological Record, 2012
The current study investigated the relative effects of Before and After relational cues on temporal order judgments. In Experiment 1, participants (N = 20) were exposed to a 5-phase temporal relational responding task. Participants observed a sequence of 2 familiar shapes and then completed either a Before or an After statement to describe the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Individual Differences, Cues, Responses
Gallo, David A.; Cramer, Stefanie J.; Wong, Jessica T.; Bennett, David A. – Neuropsychologia, 2012
Alzheimer's disease (AD) can impair metacognition in addition to more basic cognitive functions like memory. However, while global metacognitive inaccuracies are well documented (i.e., low deficit awareness, or anosognosia), the evidence is mixed regarding the effects of AD on local or task-based metacognitive judgments. Here we investigated local…
Descriptors: Evidence, Cues, Alzheimers Disease, Diseases
Thoresen, John C.; Vuong, Quoc C.; Atkinson, Anthony P. – Cognition, 2012
Personality trait attribution can underpin important social decisions and yet requires little effort; even a brief exposure to a photograph can generate lasting impressions. Body movement is a channel readily available to observers and allows judgements to be made when facial and body appearances are less visible; e.g., from great distances.…
Descriptors: Evidence, Personality Traits, Photography, Cues
Mihov, Yoan; Hurlemann, Rene – Neuropsychologia, 2012
More than 5 million deaths a year are attributable to tobacco smoking, making it the largest single cause of preventable death worldwide. The primary addictive component in tobacco is nicotine. Its addictive power is exemplified by the fact that by far most attempts to quit smoking fail. It is therefore mandatory to understand the biological…
Descriptors: Evidence, Substance Abuse, Smoking, Research Methodology
Rahko, Jukka S.; Paakki, Jyri-Johan; Starck, Tuomo H.; Nikkinen, Juha; Pauls, David L.; Katsyri, Jari V.; Jansson-Verkasalo, Eira M.; Carter, Alice S.; Hurtig, Tuula M.; Mattila, Marja-Leena; Jussila, Katja K.; Remes, Jukka J.; Kuusikko-Gauffin, Sanna A.; Sams, Mikko E.; Bolte, Sven; Ebeling, Hanna E.; Moilanen, Irma K.; Tervonen, Osmo; Kiviniemi, Vesa – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2012
FMRI was performed with the dynamic facial expressions fear and happiness. This was done to detect differences in valence processing between 25 subjects with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and 27 typically developing controls. Valence scaling was abnormal in ASDs. Positive valence induces lower deactivation and abnormally strong activity in ASD…
Descriptors: Autism, Scaling, Diagnostic Tests, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Gabay, Shai; Chica, Ana B.; Charras, Pom; Funes, Maria J.; Henik, Avishai – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
Inhibition of return (IOR) is modulated by task set and appears later in discrimination tasks than in detection tasks. Several hypotheses have been suggested to account for this difference. We tested three of these hypotheses in two experiments by examining the influence of cue and target level of processing on the onset of IOR. In the first…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Visual Discrimination, Visual Stimuli, Inhibition
Johnson, Cheryl I.; Mayer, Richard E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2012
In three studies, eye movements of participants were recorded while they viewed a single-slide multimedia presentation about how car brakes work. Some of the participants saw an integrated presentation in which each segment of words was presented near its corresponding area of the diagram (integrated group, Experiments 1 and 3) or an integrated…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Literary Genres, Human Body, Scores
Adams, Anne-Marie; Simmons, Fiona R.; Willis, Catherine S.; Porter, Sarah – British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2013
Background: The spontaneous recoding of visual stimuli into a phonological code to aid short-term retention has been associated with progress in learning to read (Palmer, 2000b). Aim: This study examined whether there was a comparable association with the development of writing skills. Sample: One hundred eight children (64 males) in the second…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Writing Skills, Skill Development, Cognitive Processes
Grossmann, Tobias – Infancy, 2013
It has long been thought that the prefrontal cortex, as the seat of most higher brain functions, is functionally silent during most of infancy. This review highlights recent work concerned with the precise mapping (localization) of brain activation in human infants, providing evidence that prefrontal cortex exhibits functional activation much…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Infants, Neurological Organization, Spectroscopy
Johnson, Cathy M. – ProQuest LLC, 2013
This dissertation research examines a teacher educator's instructional practices and preservice teachers' learning in two elementary social studies methods courses. As self-study, it focuses on learning to teach preservice teachers how to select and use visual images to teacher history and social studies. The research uses the Grossman Framework…
Descriptors: Teacher Educators, Teaching Methods, Preservice Teachers, Elementary Education
Bauer, Patricia J.; Guler, O. Evren; Starr, Rebecca M.; Pathman, Thanujeni – Infancy, 2011
Explanations of variability in long-term recall typically appeal to encoding and/or retrieval processes. However, for well over a century, it has been apparent that for memory traces to be stored successfully, they must undergo a post-encoding process of stabilization and integration. Variability in post-encoding processes is thus a potential…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Infants, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Cognitive Processes
Flevaris, Anastasia V.; Bentin, Shlomo; Robertson, Lynn C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2011
Ample evidence suggests that global perception may involve low spatial frequency (LSF) processing and that local perception may involve high spatial frequency (HSF) processing (Shulman, Sullivan, Gish, & Sakoda, 1986; Shulman & Wilson, 1987; Robertson, 1996). It is debated whether SF selection is a low-level mechanism associating global…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Cognitive Processes, Attention Control, Visual Stimuli
Tse, Chi-Shing; Hutchison, Keith A.; Li, Yongna – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2011
Participants' reaction time (RT) data in a prime-probe flanker task (e.g., ABA-CAC) were analyzed in terms of the characteristics of RT distribution to examine possible mechanisms that produce negative priming. When the prime and probe were presented in the same context and the proportion of repetition-target trials (TRP) was 0.33, negative…
Descriptors: Priming, Reaction Time, Cognitive Processes, Cues
