Most accounts of the Stroop effect (Stroop, 1935) emphasize its negative aspect, namely, that in particular situations, processing of an irrelevant stimulus dimension interferes with participants' performance of the instructed task. In contrast, this paper emphasizes the fact that, even with that interference, participants actually can (and…

Emerging parallel processing and increased flexibility during the acquisition of cognitive skills form a combination that is hard to reconcile with rule-based models that often produce brittle behavior. Rule-based models can exhibit these properties by adhering to 2 principles: that the model gradually learns task-specific rules from instructions…

This article explores learner-generated drawing, a strategy in which learners construct representative illustrations in support of learning goals. Both applied and empirical literature is reviewed with the purpose of stimulating research on this strategy. Clear from this review is the gap that exists between prescriptive readings on…

In this book, the author suggests that to truly learn, students should be puzzled about new knowledge. Question-finding, the unique strategy described in the book, fosters this learning by leading adolescent students to probe the multiple meanings of text and ask challenging, open-ended questions. Focus units illustrate how teachers can use…

Since the publication of the Standards for Technological Literacy in 2000 (ITEA), there have been a number of new programs developed that are designed to teach pre-engineering. Project Lead the Way (PLTW) is one such program. Project Lead the Way boasts serving over 1250 schools in 44 states and teaching over 160,000 students. Another program is…

The authors investigated the comparative effect of the learning cycle and expository instruction on 8th-grade students' achievement in genetics. They adopted the nonequivalent control group design as a type of quasiexperimental design. The experimental group (N = 104) received learning cycle instruction, and the control group (N = 109) received…

An alternative view of learning and an alternative view of research on learning are described in this paper. Learning is seen as a change in the conception of some aspect of reality and it is argued that learning has to be described in terms of its content. This line of research is intended to represent the learner's perspective and the…

Four reasoning skills help explain the processes that students need to use in completing various study skills exercises: (1) classification--the process that a student uses to name a body of information or to associate a bit of information with a larger chunk of information; (2) sequencing--the process by which a student organizes information into…

Examines children's need to develop the following reading skills for application to the area of science: reading formulas, technical science vocabulary, following directions in a lab manual, interpreting diagrams and drawings, and organizing facts into a hypothesis. (JK)

Three studies examined strategies used by deaf adolescents and children (total N=150) in reading and writing. A model of literacy development is proposed, and remedial approaches are suggested. Results indicated deaf children attempted to make use of cue sources in text, such as pragmatic features, context, and prediction. (DB)

Reviews research on cognitive styles and offers a model for integrating them into an information processing model of cognition. Maintains that the model will promote further research and practice by offering an efficient way of conceptualizing relationships among cognitive styles and intellectual processes. (BSR)

Strategies for improving mathematics education include the use of such cognitive strategies as advance organizers, active internal processing, mnemonics, concrete demonstrations, imagery, and metacognition. (CB)

A framework for a distinct strategy-selection phase for answering questions is proposed. Six experiments with college students which support the model are described. The model is shown to be consistent with processing strategies in other areas of cognitive processing. (BS)

The introductory article to the special issue on facilitating cognitive development considers individual and social roles in cognitive development, the role of the human mediator, development as an increasingly self regulated process, and types of programs which provide instruction in cognitive strategies. (DB)

The CoRT (Cognitive Research Trust) is a five-step program in direct instruction of thinking skills which increase the number and diversity of ideas as well as help the individual establish goals, set priorities, improve interactions with others, and incorporate feeling into thinking. (DB)