THIS REVIEW OF RESEARCH NOTES THAT THE EDUCATIONAL HANDICAPS OF THE DISADVANTAGED HAVE NOT BEEN CONCEPTUALIZED ADEQUATELY, IN PART BECAUSE THE DISADVANTAGED MISTAKENLY HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED A HOMOGENEOUS GROUP. SO FAR, THERE HAS BEEN NO STUDY OF THE DIALECTICAL RELATIONSHIP OF THE DISADVANTAGED LEARNER'S COGNITIVE PROCESSES, AFFECTIVE MECHANISMS,…

Most of the emphasis on mining online assessment logs has been to identify content-specific errors. However, the pattern of general "consistency" is domain independent, strongly related to performance, and can itself be a target of educational data mining. We demonstrate that simple consistency indicators are related to student outcomes,…

One important source of biological determinants to intellectual behavior is the immediate family of origin. When family history is taken into consideration, it is necessary to examine the environmental aspects of intellectual development in conjunction with the biological. Herein lies the usefulness of a transactional model of development over…

Suggests that the iconic memory impairment of retarded subjects is attributable in part to mental retardation and not simply to low mental age. (Author/ED)

Recent publications of longitudinal and sequential analyses of psychometric data have been cited as evidence for "the myth of intellectual decline" with age. This term "myth" has been interpreted by many gerontologists to mean that intellectual functioning does not decline even late in life (except shortly before death). Furthermore, this…

The first section of this report examines, from a developmental perspective, the major theoretical positions dominating the literature on adult cognition. Two criteria are considered. First, how compatible are the theories with the notion that thinking systems develop within specific environments? Second, what are the implicit or explicit…

This report summarizes computational investigations of language comprehension based on Marvin Minsky's theory of frames, a recent advance in artifical intelligence theories about the representation of knowledge. The investigations discussed explored frame theory as a basis for text comprehension by implementing models of the theory and developing…

Two experiments were performed to study inductive reasoning as a set of thought processes that operates on the structure, as opposed to the content, of organized memory. The content of the reasoning consisted of inductions concerning the names of mammals, assumed to occupy a Euclidean space of three dimensions (size, ferocity, and humanness) in…

Elements of a theory relating cognition and affect are outlined. The theory is heavily based upon neuroscience research regarding the hemispheric lateralization of various cognitive processes and emotions; specific examples are provided. Developmental research on intelligence as well as theories of intrinsic motivation, are also discussed.…

Although there seems to be widespread agreement that new approaches to studying intelligence should combine the differential and cognitive (information processing) approaches in isolating components of intelligence, researchers disagree about how the approaches should be combined and, consequently, about how elementary components of intelligence…

In this paper, Simon describes contemporary information processing approaches to the study of learning and thinking, and discusses the relevance of these studies to the distinction between rote and meaningful learning. Before defining the basic terminology of information processing research, he provides a brief literature review, describing some…

A battery of 10 intelligence tests was administered to 22 subjects under standard conditions. After the testing session the degree of perceived similarity between 5 tests of the battery was to be estimated with regard to: (1) the kind of intellectual activity required by the tests, and (b) difficulty. Estimated qualitative similarity, according to…

The simultaneous and successive processing model of cognitive abilities was compared to a traditional primary mental abilities model. Simultaneous processing was found to be primarily related to spatial ability; and to a lesser extent, to memory and inductive reasoning. Subjects were 104 fourth-grade urban males. (Author/GD C)

Two experiments were concerned with exploring the relative accessibility and availability of category information in retarded adolescents in comparison with CA equivalent nonretarded subjects. (Author/SB)