Presents a model of information processing that demonstrates how to facilitate knowledge acquisition. Various instructional strategies designed to reduce the effect of impositions are described, such as use of novelty, mystery, and questioning techniques; reducing complexity of instructional messages; and the automaticity of secondary skills. (JKP)

Outlines a cognitive process model of abstracting, indexing, and classification that is based on text comprehension processes. Text comprehension for indexing versus other purposes is discussed, including conceptual and perceptual processing; conceptual knowledge and the development of expertise are discussed; and characteristics of short-term and…

Examined articulation and interarticulation (pause) times on Rapid Automatized Naming Tests for first- and second-graders. Found that pause and articulation times for RAN letters and objects were not reliably related, compared to RAN numbers articulation and pause durations. Subtest pause durations were differentially related to reading. RAN…

Comparison of area and subtest scores on the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale (Fourth Edition) for 15 autistic retarded children and 15 nonautistic retarded children found that the children with autism scored substantially lower in the verbal reasoning area and on the subtests of Comprehension and Absurdities than did the nonautistic children.…

Adults (ages 17-23) with childhood developmental dyslexia (CD) completed measures of phonological processing, naming speed, working memory, general knowledge, vocabulary and comprehension. Subjects scored lower than chronological age-matched adults, but were similar to reading-level matched children on most processing measures. Results suggest…

Students participated in a study (n = 98) investigating the effectiveness of three types of annotations on three learning outcome measures. The annotations were designed to support the cognitive processes in the comprehension of scientific texts, with a function to aid either the process of selecting relevant information, organizing the…

This essay examines contradictory attitudes toward teaching and writing at a small college. Looking at her "private" experience as a teacher and "public" experience as a WPA, the author considers how assumptions about the privatization of teaching inhibit deep understanding of teaching and learning as intellectual work.

The aim of this study was to see whether patterns of neuro-cognitive assets and deficits seen in dyslexia also would lead to different patterns of reading and writing. A group of dyslexic children was subgrouped by language comprehension and mathematics skills in accordance with the definition of the British Dyslexia Association of 1998. This…

Background: Self-report inventories trying to measure strategic processing at a global level have been much used in both basic and applied research. However, the validity of global strategy scores is open to question because such inventories assess strategy perceptions outside the context of specific task performance. Aims: The primary aim was to…

In the two major sections of this paper the influence of John B. Carroll and Robert Lado on the teaching and testing of listening comprehension since 1961 is examined. The first section reviews the literature of that field and outlines four major periods roughly corresponding to the methodological orientation dominating professional thinking at…

Following a discussion of the differences between oral and written speech, this paper examines the act of reading written speech and the role that contextual information plays in reading comprehension. It notes the interaction that occurs between reader and text, points out the way in which written language makes demands upon readers'…

Child development is complicated. Good caring practices, environments, activities, and the expectations of children and teachers are designed to promote and foster each child's development. All children have a job. Their job is to live their lives, learn about the world, and develop into the very best people that they can be. All they need is…

A study explored an application of rauding theory to the developmental components that contribute to elementary-age children's reading comprehension. The relationships among cognitive power, auditory accuracy level, pronunciation (word recognition) level, rauding (comprehension) accuracy level, rauding rate (reading rate) level, and rauding…

This study investigated the role of executive function in children with attention deficit disorders (ADD) by comparing differences resulting when diagnostic measures of reading comprehension consisting of either short or long passages were used. Subjects (all in grades 1-12) were grouped as having an attention deficit disorder (ADD) and not taking…

Designed to interpret comprehension recalls in terms of textual information and cognitive processes used, this instrument outlines four stages for interpretive recalls, based on the premise that recall of a text results from receptive and productive processes. Stage 1 specifies which information is pertinent for analysis; stage 2 discusses the…