Cognitivism has dominated mainstream psychology for decades, but lately its position has been weakened. It has been criticized not only by behavior analysts but also by social and evolutionary psychologists, neuroscientists, and authors who are or used to be cognitivists themselves. At the same time, psychologists and neuroscientists in several…

The behaviorist sees psychology as an objective experimental branch of natural science that can be studied without references to consciousness. Estimating states of consciousness as objects of investigation in themselves will allow the findings of psychology to become functional correlates of structure that can be explained in physicochemical…