This study examined the problems of using conventional and traditional forms of psychotherapeutic and counseling interventions with American Indians and Alaska natives. Cultural specific forms of psychological and behavioral intervention and prevention have existed in Indian and Native communities for centuries. Vestiges of traditional healing and…

While much research has focused on the processes of marital problem solving, the content of marital problem solving has received considerably less attention. This study examined the initial efforts to develop a method for assessing marital problem solving content. Married individuals (N=36) completed a demographic information sheet, the Dyadic…

The efficacy of behavioral weight loss programs has been systematically evaluated during active treatment and at follow-up intervals. Despite repeated calls for more comprehensive assessment of change, other sources of information about change in behavior, nutritional habits, and thinking patterns are often neglected. These studies examined the…

To provide a broad view of writer's block and the composing process, this annotated bibliography includes 100 sources that discuss (1) early views of blocking, e.g., Freud's warning about internal critics; (2) contemporary curatives, e.g., cognitive therapies that purport to change a writer's inhibitory self-talk; (3) successful writers' accounts…

There are two dominant approaches to understanding human memory, one in the tradition of Ebbinghaus, the other in the tradition of Bartlett. The former approach views learning as the formation of associations, while the latter views memory as the process of reconstruction of fragments based on prior knowledge. These positions are often considered…

Both the increased frequency of divorce and the resultant increase in single-parent households have experienced dramatic increases since World War II. In many instances, divorce is a major disruptive experience that imposes primary impact upon all family members. Characteristically, various levels of adjustment are required of family members amid…

Education in the United States for most of the last 50 years has built its knowledge base on a single dominating foundation--behavioral psychology. This paper analyzes the history of behaviorism. Syntheses are presented of the theories of Ivan P. Pavlov, J. B. Watson, and B. F. Skinner, all of whom contributed to the body of works on behaviorism.…

Oxendine (1970) hypothesized that the arousal-performance relationship varies across tasks, such that gross motor activities will require high arousal for optimal performance while fine motor activities will be facilitated by low arousal, but adversely affected by high arousal. Although the effects of preparatory arousal on strength performance…

Second-order change is a dramatic instance of personal change in which a person's structure of experience changes radically, rather than incrementally and gradually. Suggests that creating therapeutic contexts that enable second-order change to occur naturally may be more productive than making second-order change the goal of therapy. (Author/KS)

Assigned 40 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to stress inoculation training (SIT), which included cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy and progressive deep-muscle relaxation training adapted for MS patients, or current available care (CAC), which provided the usual clinic services. The SIT group was significantly less depressed, anxious and…

Historical and present-day ideas concerning recovery of higher brain functions and cognitive retraining after traumatic brain injury are considered. Clinical guidelines for helping patients understand and compensate for residual higher cerebral deficits are suggested. A holistic- or milieu-oriented program is considered the most helpful…

Counselors (N=40), ranging from novice trainees to experienced professionals, conducted counseling interviews with a female client and then completed instruments measuring frequency of task facilitative and task distractive self-talk and quality of clinical hypothesis formulation. A positive relationship was found between higher quality clinical…

Presents a conceptual reformulation of the self-concept and its applications for counseling. Provides an overview of current theory and findings about the structure and function of the self-concept in cognitive information processing and social interaction terms from the areas of basic and social cognition. Examines cognitive process in…

Assigned 29 test-anxious students aged 50-67 to stress inoculation training, placebo, or control conditions. Results suggested that while stress inoculation training was not singularly effective, variations only were correlated with improvements in performance on a measure of fluid ability. No such interactions occurred in the placebo or control…

Presents a case study involving the use of self-instructional training with an adolescent schizophrenic boy. Changes initiated in his internal and external dialog with himself improved his self-control and task performance. (JAC)