Examined by follow-up interviews the attitudes and behavior about marriage, parenting, and lifestyle among former commune members (N=344) previously interviewed in 1974-76. Found ex-commune members: (l) less likely to have married, (2) more likely to live in multi-adult households and, (3) more receptive to possible collective living arrangements…

The development of Arctic Canada's resources has historically been guided by two contrasting administrative approaches: one favoring the free play of profit motives in a laissez-faire market economy and the other the coordination of development through formalized government planning. In both approaches, Eurocanadians are the dominant figures,…

South Dakota is the home of a small religious group known as the Hutterite Brethren. The members of this sect live in small cooperative colonies in the northern United States and in several provinces in Canada. The Hutterites are unique in that, while using modern agricultural technology, they have isolated themselves from the main current of…

Increase in the number of individuals pursuing postsecondary schooling involves economic and social costs to the kibbutz. "Educational revolution" in the kibbutz refers to growing aspirations of the kibbutzim toward higher education. Measures taken by the kibbutz movement and individual kibbutzim to counteract the problems created by the…

The history, philosophy, and outcomes of the Camphill communities in Scotland for children and adults in need of special care are discussed and evaluated. Controversial aspects of training the disabled within an enclosed separatist context are discussed, as is the program's role in relation to the English National Curriculum. (PB)

The approaches of 111 Thai and a matched set of 111 U.S. community mediators are investigated. Results show that Thai mediators are more apt to be assertive in their mediations; they put disputants together, demand concessions, criticize disputants, and threaten them more frequently than do U.S. mediators. Thai mediators more frequently seek…

The infant, early childhood and early school programs of the religious communal organization called the Society of Brothers are described in relationship to the basic beliefs of the Society, and to the fact that most of the children in these programs will remain in a Society community after childhood. Begun in 1920 as a reaction to a world that…

This research studied the new childrearing values and practices which are emerging among humanistic communal parents. Thirty-three parents from seven share-the-land cooperatives in northern California and southwestern Oregon were interviewed. Questions were asked about experiences related to childbirth, the nature and sources of child care…

THIS PAPER OUTLINES THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE, ACCOMPLISHMENTS, GOALS, INTELLECTUAL BACKGROUND, AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF THE KIBBUTZIM IN RURAL ISRAEL WHILE CONCENTRATING ON THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS. THE KIBBUTZIM EMPHASIZES CONTINUOUS, LIFE-LONG EDUCATION FOR ALL MEMBERS BASED ON THE NEEDS OF EACH MEMBER AND HIS COMMUNITY. THE AIM OF EACH PROGRAM IS…

Israel is a society with a considerable tradition of social planning and centralized decision making. The government, consequently, was in a position to undertake far-reaching decisions concerning population redistribution. The instrument to accomplish population redistribution was to be a network of small and medium sized urban settlements,…

In a recent survey, various methods used by kibbutz teachers in evaluating student academic progress included: (1) formative vs. summative evaluation; (2) goal-related evaluation; (3) individualized evaluation vs. uniform standard evaluation; and (4) informal evaluation. (JN)

The six articles in this issue are devoted to discussions of Ukranian educator A.S. Makarenko. His theories of collectivist social upbringing and labor education, his pedagogical views, and his views concerning student self-government are discussed. (KC)

This review of the literature about fictional and actual utopian communities focuses on parents and children in American utopias. Introductory comments explore the history and defining characteristics of utopias. The next section highlights references to women, children, education, and parenting in several fictional utopias, including Plato's…

This paper summarizes the history of rural communities (moshavim and kibbutzim) in Israel and attempts to rehabilitate those that have experienced difficulties. The first section of the paper outlines the context of these communities, most of which are cooperatives. Before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, most of the communities…

Between 1973-1979, the elementary educational system in rural areas of Poland has been reorganized into a system of collective commune schools; students commute or are bused to the schools. Since September 1973, 944 new collective commune schools have been set up. A study of the data indicates that the process of setting up collective commune…