Laboratory learning forms a significant and integral part of engineering education, wherein students develop technical, collaborative, enquiry, and observation skills that go beyond theoretical studies. Engineering is inherently a practice-based profession, and consequently, laboratory work has been inseparable for engineering curricula. However,…

The demand for online invigilation programs had dramatically increased due to the expansion of online learning; however, demand was further galvanized by the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, there are many technical and ethical problems with these programs that cannot be easily mitigated. Notably, they are beset by several inherent racial,…