A study was conducted to examine the extent to which verbal statements of context influenced the perception of emotion in facial expressions. In addition, it examined the pairing of both congruent and incongruent stimulus sources. The subjects, 98 college students, were shown photographs of four male and four female actors displaying facial…

Rating scales were developed and applied to evaluate deferential/nondeferential language users. Participants were 1,262 college students in small discussion groups containing two experimenter's confederates who used either deferential or nondeferential language. The characteristics of deferential language users were questioning/tentative behavior,…