Uses Papua New Guinea students at the University of Technology to show the problem of shifting from oral to written forms in third world ESL countries. Gives examples of informal use of written English using too much slang contrasted with overly formal English. (BK)

The language learner necessarily masters literal reading before literary reading. In order to learn the language of poetry, first-year university students of English as a second language must gain competence with polysemy and association which are fundamental to literary reading. (CFM)

The language literature controversy should be irrelevant in an ESL situation. First-year English courses in Nigerian universities should aim at perfecting the student's linguistic competence and performance, with particular attention being paid to the practical uses of the language. The usual practice of immediately introducing the…

An English language program at Catholic University of Sao Paulo, Brazil has sought to increase student motivation for learning communicative skills by having fourth-year students work with first year students either individually or in small groups. (SW)

Describes pedagogical experiment with emphasis on the student and his/her specific needs and motivations. Involves self- and group work with teacher support. Individual work alternates with group work, focusing on production of a project or task corresponding to objectives defined by members of group. (Author/BK)