Development of Open Educational eXtended Reality (OEXR) resources was driven by a need to provide anatomy models for faculty and students for whom access to formaldehyde-preserved specimens was challenging or impossible due to medical conditions, pregnancy, and other factors that limited access to the lab and the lessons. The OEXR virtual assets…

To further the study of learning in the context of immersive virtual technologies, this systematic literature review addressed the following research questions: 'How is self-efficacy being studied in immersive virtual learning environments?' 'What kinds of self-efficacy findings have been made in immersive virtual learning environments?' The…

The primary aim of this manuscript is to describe the process of developing a reliable and valid instrument for measuring all users, including students with disabilities, sense of presence in a virtual environment. Presence can be described as feeling a part of another place other than where you are. A seven-step process is discussed and was…

The unstructured conversations of students who chatted with Freudbot in his Second Life virtual office over a 32-month period were examined in order to better understand the nature of the virtual relationship between students and conversational agents (CA) as historical figures. This research builds on past work that examined these conversations…

This study focuses on investigating the nature of small-group collaborative interaction in a voice-enhanced multiplayer game called "eScape". The aim was to analyse the elements of groups' collaborative discussion and to explore the nature of the players' shared problem solving activity during the solution critical moments in the game. The data…

This paper is focused on virtual campuses, i.e. virtual worlds representing real educational institutions that are based on the metaphor of a university and provide users with different learning tools. More specifically, the idea of integrating a virtual campus into the context of a virtual city is suggested. Such a virtual city, where students…

Interactive computer simulations with complex representations and sophisticated graphics are a relatively new addition to the classroom, and research in this area is limited. We have conducted over 275 individual student interviews during which the students described what they were thinking as they interacted with simulations. These interviews…

Invited as a paper from E-Learn 2009 This study compared two programmes developed as a learning tool for students to practise basic laboratory procedures. One was a Flash simulation programme, the other a Second Life virtual reality programme. A cohort of 93 bioscience students participated in the between trial. A control group was used to…