The swift incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into higher education has significantly propelled the digital transformation of education. This advancement is crucial for educators aiming to augment teaching quality through AI technologies, such as ChatGPT. However, the acceptance of ChatGPT among college students remains underexplored.…

Metaphors are known to present both opportunities and challenges for second language learners, but relatively little is known about learners' awareness of them. To investigate this, we analyzed 72 argumentative essays written in English by a group of 37 intermediate Chinese university students of English. We identified metaphors using an…

This study examined the simultaneous effects of L2 individual difference (ID) variables (aptitude, motivation, strategy use, language processing experience, and gender) on English as a foreign language (EFL) breadth and depth of L2 vocabulary knowledge of 492 Korean university-level learners. Independent variable measures included the: (1) Korean…