The Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale (CTAS) is a unidimensional scale designed to measure the cognitive aspect of test anxiety. The instrument has been adapted in several countries, and convincing psychometric properties have been found; however, uncertainties remain regarding its factor structure. Therefore, the aim of this study is twofold: to…

Anxiety, depression, and suicidality are major concerns among college students, though less is known about these constructs in autistic college students. Given the rising number of autistic individuals entering post-secondary education, adequate measurement and diagnosis of anxiety, depression, and suicidality is necessary to provide clinical care…

Academic stress has attracted research interest in recent decades due to the similarity found between the occurrence of stress in students and that experienced by workers in organisations. However, tools to assess academic stress are either scarce, general or evaluate the consequences of academic stress. This study aims to validate the…

In Saudi Arabia, mathematics is an essential subject for all freshmen except students majoring in medical sciences. The struggle of students in mathematics is one of the most common issues in the last ten years (Khoshaim, 2015). According to Higbee and Thomas (1999), mathematics self-efficacy, along with other effective characteristics such as…

The term "nei juan" (in English "involution") has become a buzzword in recent Chinese tertiary educational contexts, denoting the intense competition and anxiety among Chinese college students. This project aims to develop a reliable and valid scale measuring Chinese college students' competitive psychology, that is, an…

The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) measures a relatively positive adaptation despite adversity. This research aims to translate and validate the BRS into Vietnamese. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance analysis across gender, and test-retest reliability were examined consecutively in Study 1 (n = 304),…

This study aimed to validate a modified Statistics Anxiety Scale for students in the United States taking university courses. Modifications were made by changing the wording of several items to be consistent with American English, and to accommodate students taking statistics courses in various formats. Items were added to investigate anxiety…

Background: University students are four times more likely to experience elevated levels of psychological distress compared to their peers. The psychosocial needs of university students are associated with high psychological distress, stressful life events, and academic performance. Our study focuses on developing a measure to help universities…

This research introduces the "Mindfulness Mindset Scale," a concise and reliable tool designed to measure beliefs about the malleability of mindfulness skills. Study 1 (N = 285) revealed a single-factor structure through exploratory factor analysis, further validated in Study 2 (N = 286) using confirmatory factor analysis. Studies 3a (N…

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was twofold. First, we aimed to adapt the English-speaking Anxiety Scale. Second, we intended to investigate the mediating role of English learning motivation and self-confidence on the relationship between English-speaking anxiety and English self-efficacy through a serial mediation analysis.…

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure student online course anxiety, a factor that detrimentally affects student learning in the online environment. Based on Keegan's theoretical framework that identified fundamental differences between online education and traditional education, the instrument of Scale of Online Course…

As stress in students has increased in the last years, factors predicting stress need to be investigated. The aim of the present study was to replicate previous findings using the demand-control model and to examine the role of emotional distress in a transactional model (inspired by Lazarus' transactional stress model). "Stress, mental…

The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to understand the lived experiences of foreign language anxiety or xenoglossophobia, for college students enrolled in foreign language courses at The Southern University. The topic was guided by Krashen's theory of second language acquisition, as it relates to many aspects of the actual…

Objectives: The primary aim was to assess the factor structure and establish measurement invariance across sex for the Perceived Vulnerability and Hardiness Scale. Participants: Sample 1 (N = 377) and Sample 2 (N = 401) were volunteers from six large southern universities. Methods: Iterative and collaborative survey-based focus groups were used to…

Anxiety is an affective variable that impacts learning negatively by impeding cognitive progress. Anxiety is associated with learners' individual differences such as beliefs, attitudes, expectations, motivation, and emotions. It has been determined in many studies that anxiety affects language learning negatively and interferes with many types of…