College-student snake phobics received one of four treatments to reduce their snake avoidance behavior. Behavioral and self-report assessment showed all three treatments relative to the control to be highly and equally effective in reducing snake avoidance behavior. (Author)

High- and low-fear subjects were assigned to noise or false heart-rate feedback. Contiguity between the shock-snake stimuli was varied in order to provide a test of an aversion relief model. As was predicted, low-fear as compared to high-fear subjects approached the snake significantly more after exposure to false heart-rate feedback. (Author)

Expectancy instructions were introduced six times during the four-week treatment, and effectiveness of these instructions was demonstrated with independent nonreactive measures of subjects' expectancies. An analysis of self-report, behavioral, and unobtrusive measures of snake anxiety revealed significant main effects for instructions, with…

It was found that the attitude of people toward psychiatric patients was significantly influenced by the severity of the mental illness attributed to them but not by the labels given to them or by the type of persons labeling the patients. (SE)

A group of 20 female college peer counselors were compared to 20 female suicide attempters and a control group of 20 nonsuicidal females for personality characteristics and family background, using the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule and a questionnaire. (Author)

Flooding and systematic desensitization procedures were investigated for possible interactions with subject arousal level on reduction in phobic reactions. No such interaction was found. Behaviorally and on GSR response, both flooding and systematic desensitization were effective, but only the latter was effective on subjective reports. (NG)

Undergraduate females (N=80) attempted to resolve personal anger conflicts by participating in short counseling-analogue sessions. Each subject used one of four procedures: role play, discharge, intellectual analysis, or control. On the whole, role play was the most effective procedure for reducing anger, hostile attitudes, and behavioral…

Formation of the Indiana University Alcohol Education Task Force brought together university students, staff, and faculty to discuss possible campus drinking problems and to plan, implement and evaluate an alcohol awareness program for students. The program appears effective in increasing knowledge about alcohol for at least a three month period.…

Two direct skill-training programs involving behavior rehearsal with and without extrasession tasks were evaluated against attention-placebo and waiting list controls. Forty-eight college males were subjects. Results indicated that three of the four skill training groups showed significant increases in social dating skill level on the Role-Played…

Female students (N=50) were tested to determine if modeling poor performance but adequate coping with failure would facilitate a subject's maintenance of self-esteem in the face of a failure experience. Results of the comparisons made by subjects' responses to videotaped interviews are discussed. (Author/HLM)

Numerous studies involving suicide attempters and those who commit suicide suggest that the suicidal individual perceives limited control over the environment, the occurrence of stressful life events and a diminished probability of future success. Results of the present study indicate a relationship between the frequency of suicidal thoughts among…

This study examines the relationship between student causal attributions of student misconduct, their endorsement of university disciplinary actions, and acceptance of student misconduct as being justified. Students tended to endorse more punitive disciplinary action for behaviors they viewed as caused more by trait than by environmental factors.…

Dissonance theory implies that relationships should exist between dissonance-reducing behaviors and measures of tension. It is suggested that dissonance-reducing behavior should be positively correlated across subjects with initial tension but negatively correlated with tension after dissonance-reducing behaviors have occurred. Thirty-six male and…

The diagnostic labeling of exceptional children was investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment videotapes of simulated parent/diagnostician label and no-label sessions were viewed by different groups of college students who then reported their perceptions of the child on a questionnaire. Results indicated that label subjects felt…

Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory was posited to explain all types of criminal or delinquent behavior. While research efforts have generally been confined to a focus on general criminal or delinquent behavior of the individual, it appears that the theory may also be applied to specific criminal or delinquent acts such as marijuana…