As a result of the increase in online course offerings at colleges and universities, the prevalence of online and computerized examinations has increased over the last two decades. Beyond academia, online examinations have been used to assess competence for certifications by both governments and private firms. Despite this importance, a randomized…

This study aims to explore the impact of the fairness of semester-end e-assessment in terms of policy provision, monitoring, and authenticity. The cross-sectional online survey design was employed among 346 students at Nepal Open University (NOU). The results were analyzed by using t-test, analysis of variance, and structural equation modeling.…

(1) Context: The growing accessibility of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, such as ChatGPT, poses a challenge to the integrity of online assessments in higher education. As AI becomes more integrated into academic contexts, educators face the complex task of maintaining assessment standards particularly within modern Virtual Learning…

Purpose: Academic integrity is vital to the success and sustainability of the academic project and particularly critical in the training of ethical and informed health professionals. Yet studies have found that cheating in online exams was commonplace during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the increased use of online and blended learning…

The COVID-19 pandemic forced Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) to adopt alternative approaches to the delivery of their learning activities, including examinations. Many HEIs choose Remote Electronic Examinations (REEs) as a one-way solution due to physical presence restriction measures imposed by governments around the world. The present study…

Remote proctoring of exams is one of the most divisive issues in higher education. Critiques of remote proctoring abound, and there are a variety of perspectives particularly in relation to the advantages and disadvantages of this type of assessment, and opportunities for cheating. However, these perspectives are largely based on rhetoric with…

This study aimed to reveal the differences in individuals' abilities, their standard errors, and the psychometric properties of the test according to the two methods of applying the test (electronic and paper). The descriptive approach was used to achieve the study's objectives. The study sample consisted of 74 male and female students at the…

This paper reports findings from a research study at The Open University, UK into the quality of distance learners' online exam experience and the differences in experience between online (pandemic) and in-person (pre-pandemic) modes of examination. Our research responds to the ongoing need for greater insight into the exam experience and…

A key role of universities is the credentialing of student learning by awarding degrees and diplomas. This requires universities to have confidence in the integrity of their assessment processes and in turn, external stakeholders to have the same confidence. This study investigates the following research question: 'Has COVID-19 had an impact on…

E-learning is an emerging trend in most universities. Due to COVID-19, many universities adopted e-learning. With the sudden adoption and implementation of e-learning, learners had to undergo learning on how to learn and take examinations electronically, which could have increased cognitive load in their learning experience. Without regular, face…

Recent research has found that maintaining an item in working memory improves subsequent long-term memory performance. The present study explored the role of working memory consolidation in long-term recognition. Participants completed a stimuli-identification task followed by a surprise delayed recognition task. Participants first identified…

In 2015, all Australian education ministers agreed that from 1 July 2016 the Government would initiate the Literacy and Numeracy Test for Initial Teacher Education (LANTITE), designed to verify that all prospective teachers could demonstrate the literacy and numeracy skills required in their profession. The LANTITE quickly became another hurdle…

One of the biggest challenges for online learning is upholding academic integrity in online assessments. In particular, institutions and faculties attach importance to exam security and academic dishonesty in the online learning process. The aim of this study was to compare the test-taking behaviors and academic achievements of students in…

There is a growing body of research that suggests that improving the quality of online formative assessment strategies increases students' motivation to participate in online assessment. However, the way in which course leaders at open distance learning universities communicate the expectations of learning to students through online formative…

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the major challenges faced and lessons learned during the unplanned transition to online examinations (OE) at a traditional university following the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: This exploratory study involved two distinct samples (110 students and 30 instructors) drawn from a large public…