The complex processes of collaborative knowledge construction require a multimodal approach to capture the interplay between learners, tools, and the environment. While existing studies have recognized the importance of considering multiple modalities, there remains a need for a comprehensive framework that explicitly models the dynamics of…

In today's educational environment, the convergence of emerging technologies and active methodologies has become a fundamental driver of change in university education. Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, machine learning, and data analytics, are redefining the dynamics of higher education. Active…

This article addresses the need for empirical research comparing students' experiences of learning in different hybrid spaces in higher education that blend digital spaces, physical spaces and learning interactions. We focus on hybrid spaces formed around Zoom, non-immersive virtual reality (VR), and on-campus with a telepresence robot (TPR)…

To optimize learning experience and improve learning performance, current virtual experimental systems usually assist students with stepwise guidance before operations and feedback after them. However, stepwise and excessive guidance can lead to student overreliance, while late feedback cannot avoid potential errors during experimental learning.…

The rise of generative artificial intelligence (GAI), especially with multimodal large language models like GPT-4o, sparked transformative potential and challenges for learning and teaching. With potential as a cognitive offloading tool, GAI can enable learners to focus on higher-order thinking and creativity. Yet, this also raises questions about…

While traditional English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms often lack context and authenticity, immersive virtual reality (iVR) provides a valuable alternative opportunity to practice and acquire the target language in a replica of the real world. The present study used iVR ("Immerse") for communicative tasks and investigated how…

This study investigates subjective vitality (SV) within the context of high-immersion virtual reality (VR) and video-based language learning. Within the framework of a blended learning curriculum, English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students (N = 111) participated in a relaxing language learning activity delivered via VR or video. This study…

A chemical engineering student's knowledge of theory, experimental design, and real-world processes is tested and enforced in the Unit Operations laboratory courses. However, instructors are facing challenges of delivering high-quality, hands-on laboratory content with limited resources and increasingly large class sizes. Limited in-lab time is…

AR-supported instruction has been verified to improve students' problem-solving skills. This study investigated 1041 university students and developed an empirical research model that combined technology acceptance, self-regulation, and AR-supported learning effectiveness with the structural equation model (SEM). At the same time, content analysis…

The use of Virtual Reality (VR) in education is getting more and more common, especially when hands-on learning experiences have to be delivered. With VR it becomes possible, e.g., to simulate dangerous or costly procedures that could hardly be implemented in real settings. However, engaging large classes in immersive laboratory activities may be…

This paper is a quantitative study about learners' engagement and self-efficacy within a Virtual Reality (VR) learning environment while studying vocabulary in English in a classroom implementing a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach. VR was used as a tool for students to learn and better understand specific concepts studied…

Technology-enhanced learning supported by virtual learning environments (VLEs) facilitates tutors and students. VLE platforms contain a wealth of information that can be used to mine insight regarding students' learning behaviour and relationships between behaviour and academic performance, as well as to model data-driven decision-making. This…

Purpose: Escape room-based learning is a new educational game-based learning trend which embeds student learning within an exciting escape room scenario. Ordinarily these educational escape rooms are in a table-top format which involves learners decoding clues together around a table. In the age of a global pandemic [coronavirus disease 2019…

The metaverse is a network of interoperable and persistent 3-D virtual worlds where users can coexist and interact through mechanisms, such as gamification, nonfungible tokens, and cryptocurrencies. Although the metaverse is a theoretical construct today, many collaborative virtual reality (CVR) applications have emerged as potential components of…

Many studies have examined the factors that influence second language interaction, such as task type and communication mode, i.e., face-to-face and computer-mediated communication through online mode. However, there is a paucity of research that has investigated the effects of task type on negotiation of meaning (NoM), a specific type of…