Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of basic numerical processing in the acquisition of numerical and mathematical competences. However, it is debated whether high-level numerical skills and mathematics depends specifically on basic numerical representations. In this study mathematicians and nonmathematicians performed a basic…

Black-and-white or color versions of four types of illustrations (simple line, detailed line, photograph of model, photograph of specimen) of the heart were used to complement oral instruction in a study to determine which type of visualization would be most effective in facilitating the achievement of students of different IQ levels. (Author)

A study tested two alternative theories about the relation of color and visual learning: that realistic color serves to facilitate retention of instructional material and that all color functions only as a coding device which facilitates storage and retrieval of information. It also tried to discern an interaction between learner IQ and color…