This study proposes that the gestures of an agent tutor in a multimedia learning environment can generate positive and negative emotions in learners and influence their cognitive processes. To achieve this, we developed and integrated positive and negative agent tutor gestures in a multimedia learning environment directed by cognitive gestures.…

The lightboard, an affordable and readily accessible tool, has become a promising approach for enhancing engagement in instructional videos. Despite its potential, previous studies have primarily highlighted the benefits of lightboard videos by evaluating learners' subjective experiences, with limited empirical research examining their impact on…

In the 21st century, the urgent educational demand for cultivating complex skills in vocational training and learning is met with the effectiveness of the four-component instructional design model. Despite its success, research has identified a notable gap in the address of formative assessment, particularly within computer-supported frameworks.…

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) for programming learning based on information tutoring feedback (ITF) to provide real-time guidance and feedback to self-directed learners during programming problem-solving and to improve learners' computational thinking. Design/methodology/approach: By…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of cues and self-explanation prompts in instructional videos on intrinsic motivation, learning engagement, learning outcomes, and cognitive load, which were indicators to measure deep learning performance. Seventy-two college students were randomly assigned to one of the…

This paper is an attempt to deal with language learners' beliefs. Researchers used Elaine Kolker Horwitz's model (1988), Beliefs about Language Learning Inventory, and they applied it to explore the views of Kurdish EFL university students concerning language learning. The study aims to investigate and expose their opinions regarding language…

Flipped learning has received significant emphasis in recent years. Through this approach, students' self-learning ability can be cultivated and the time for in-class practice and teachers' and students' interaction are increased. In the past, there has been much research confirming its benefits in learning performance. Meanwhile, some studies…

This study aims to investigate the effect of different formats of emotionally designed educational animations in terms of the emotional worthiness of the material, retention and transfer, intrinsic motivation, subject interest and cognitive load. In this direction, an experimental research approach was adopted. Five emotionally diverged animations…

Out of all the measures of cognitive load, germane load is crucial in determining one's motivation towards learning. The dynamics between the two becomes even more important when individuals are required to grasp understanding of complex content such as the one presented by math. Current stud explores the relationship between the three facets of…

This study aimed to investigate differences in students' situational interest (exploration intention, instant enjoyment, novelty, attention demand, challenge, and total interest) and cognitive load (intrinsic, extraneous, and germane) of VR-guide and map-guide groups in a university library. The VR-guide group used wearable spherical video-based…

According to self-determination theory, both provision of choice and reduced task difficulty facilitate learners' motivation via an increase in 2 basic psychological needs. This study examines the moderating role of the autonomy-changing effect of "choice" on the competence-altering effect of differences in "perceived task…

This paper is a quantitative study about learners' engagement and self-efficacy within a Virtual Reality (VR) learning environment while studying vocabulary in English in a classroom implementing a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach. VR was used as a tool for students to learn and better understand specific concepts studied…

Given the recent reported common occurrence of mediocre or substandard academic performance by students in colleges and universities, it has become essential to identify pedagogical factors that might lessen or reverse this trend. Kolb's experiential learning, Pintrich's student learning motivation, and cognitive load theories were used as a…

This study investigates the relationship between Turkish EFL learners' beliefs about language learning and learner features, such as gender, age, and language proficiency level. The study was conducted at Anadolu University, School of Foreign Languages, with the participation of 242 Turkish prep school EFL students with different levels of English…

Previous studies on cognitive load model have been entirely theoretical and there are no empirical studies currently that have been carried out to test the hypotheses in these theoretical models. Therefore, this study is aimed at proving Choi's cognitive load model using empirical data. The empirical data was collected in a foreign…