Active learning is the new standard for teaching in higher education. As more faculty seek to expand their teaching practices by including active-learning activities that promote higher levels of learning, many are doing so in small doses by temporarily postponing traditional lectures in favor of group activities. While there is evidence…

We investigated the association between thinking dispositions and two outcomes of multiple-texts comprehension: integration of conflicting information in argumentative essays; and recall of inferential information as an index of deep comprehension. We focused on two thinking dispositions, need for cognition (NFC) and actively open-minded thinking…

Proactive career behaviors become increasingly important in today's career environment, but little is known about how and when motivational patterns affect individual differences. In a six-month longitudinal study among German university students (Study 1; N = 289) it was demonstrated that motivation in terms of "can do" (self-efficacy…

To learn if Protestant ethic endorsement predicted intelligence controlling for the big five personality factors, 364 college students from England and the United States completed a 65-item multifaceted work ethic endorsement measure, the 50-item Wonderlic Personnel Test, and a 60-item measure of the big five personality factors. A hierarchical…

This study investigated cross-cultural differences on 38 subscales from 4 major domains--personality, social attitudes, values, and social norms. These scales were administered to participants who took the Test of English as a Foreign Language[TM] (TOEFL[R], N = 1,600) and U.S. college students (N = 429). Total variability of each subscale was…

This study attempted a hierarchical integration of several dispositional determinants of test anxiety (TA) [Sarason, I.G. (1984). "Stress, anxiety and cognitive interference: Reactions to tests." "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology," 46, 929-938.], namely the Big Five personality traits [Costa, P.T. Jr., & McCrae,…

Career interests and self-efficacy (using J. L. Holland's realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional types for both) and the big five personality dimensions (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) were used to predict college students' career exploration behaviors approximately 18…

Examined the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) profiles of peer-nominated assertives, unassertives, and aggressives (N=80). Profile analysis of the CPI indicated that assertives and aggressives were significantly more similar than were assertives and unassertives, and unassertives and aggressives. (LLL)

Examines personality differences among college students manifesting varying degrees of anger arousal as measured by the California Psychological Inventory and the Anger Inventory. (Author/SS)

Proposed a conceptual distinction between two types of experienced power and examined its relevance to participation in power-relaxed activities. After two college football games, spectators chose an image-of-power position after a hometeam defeat, and an actual-power position after a hometeam victory. Experiences of vicarious success or failure…

The differing conclusions of researchers investigating personality factors in drug users are briefly reviewed. This study, particularly, examines the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of self-reported college drug users with the intent of understanding their personalities. The specific research question was: what are the…

Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) and other instruments administered to 365 students, both undecided and in various interest fields, revealed several differences in cognitive style. No differences regarding cognitive style variations and VPI high-point codes or ease of vocational selection were observed. (Author/CJ)

The study makes use of Rotter's (1966) hypothesis that there are consistent individual differences between people who believe in the internal control of reinforcement and those who believe in the external control of reinforcement. Students who are "internals" will believe that their behavior controls academic successes and failures and may,…

According to this study, college freshmen as compared with college sophomores tend to have higher dominance and endurance needs, though their consistency scores were somewhat lower. Freshmen seem to have a greater need to influence and control the behavior of others and a greater need for hard work. Results of this study suggest that further…

Significant differences in this study were found an the Deference and Affiliation scales of the EPPS. Similarities were not accounted for by sex or socioeconomic variables. (BY)