Examines the influence of gender and ethnicity on college student preferences for individualistic vs. relational-focused counseling approaches. Overall, the results did not demonstrate significant differences across gender and ethnicity. However, there was a small tendency for women and African American participants to rate the counselor…

Investigated culture and gender differences in a self-regulation task. College students in Singapore and Israel completed anagram-solving task that let them select levels of difficulty to maximize achievement. There were cultural differences in attained scores. Women preferred significantly easier tasks, though there was no gender difference in…

Surveyed 216 English and French college students and found that females used psychotropes and males used alcohol, tobacco, and nonmedical drugs. English students used nonmedical drugs and French students used alcohol, tobacco, and psychotropes. Masculine sex role was associated with tobacco and alcohol use. (Author/JAC)

To determine if personality characteristics reflect influences of culture, while sex differences remain similar across cultures, 100 Indonesian and 100 American college students completed the Cattell Clinical Analysis Questionnaire, in the appropriate language. An analysis of the results showed that females in both cultures were higher than males…

Tests the universal nature of stress and coping behavior among overseas college students in China and provides basic information towards understanding the problems that result from stress and coping which can best be defined in cultural terms. Results indicated that academic and interpersonal sources of stress were the most common Stressors…

Evaluates sex and ethnic differences in perceived career-related and educational barriers and coping efficacy among college students (N=286). Results reveal that women and ethnic minorities anticipated significantly more career-related barriers. Ethnic minorities also exhibited more perceived educational barriers and lower self-efficacy for coping…

Cross-cultural differences in creative thinking were assessed for 51 American and 54 Japanese college students. The American students showed significantly higher scores on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) figural test than the Japanese students. No gender differences were found in either culture. TTCT performance did not correlate…

Most studies of gender roles in India have emphasized the subordinate roles of women, especially in comparison to the women in the United States. In contrast, the traditional dominant role of Indian women in the domestic aspects of family has not received as much attention. The present study compared the attitudes of college students in the United…

Compared Israeli and American college students and found that fewer Israeli males were classified as androgynous. Also found that Israeli and American females were very similar in terms of mean masculine and feminine Bem Sex Role Inventory scores, but that Israeli males had significantly lower masculine scores than American males. (GC)

British and Iranian college students estimated their own, their parents', and their siblings' multiple intelligences scores. Men rated their IQ higher than women and believed their parents' intelligence was lower than their own. Iranian students were less skeptical and more conservative about intelligence and IQ tests. They generally gave higher…

Forty Mexican American and 40 Anglo American college students completed the Moral Justification Scale, containing moral dilemmas involving "care" (interpersonal) and justice considerations. Care scores were higher for females than males, and for Mexican Americans than Anglo Americans. No differences were obtained on the justice measure.…

Presents findings of a study which compared the sex-role attitudes of American and Indian college students. Reports that Indians, and males of both countries, are more traditional in their sex-role attitudes and that sex was the most significant predictor of variance. Discusses these differences in the context of cultural diversity. (KH)

This study investigated the role of gender, family cohesion, religiosity, and negative suicide attitudes as potential determinants of cultural differences in suicide ideation among 375 college students from Ghana and the United States. Significant cultural differences were found for suicide ideation, family closeness, religiosity, and negative…

A study investigated culturally shaped patterns of behavior and how receptive or resistant people in an educational setting are to different viewpoints held by members of other cultures. As background, an extensive literature review probed the definitions of "culture" and "ethnocentrism," the causes of ethnocentrism, and how…

Despite the widespread prevalence of boredom in many societies and of boredom-related problems in education, industry, and mental health, little research has been done on this emotion and no empirical cross-cultural research could be found. A Boredom Proneness (BP) Scale was developed and administered to college students in Australia, Hong Kong,…