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Carlos J. Desme; Anthony S. Dick; Timothy B. Hayes; Shannon M. Pruden – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Spatial ability is defined as a cognitive or intellectual skill used to represent, transform, generate, and recall information of an object or the environment. Individual differences across spatial tasks have been strongly linked to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) interest and success. Several variables have been proposed…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Individual Differences, Affective Behavior, Self Esteem
Xi Xiang; Di Xi – British Journal of Educational Technology, 2025
Spatial thinking is essential for nurturing spatially literate graduates in tertiary education. However, there is limited research on individual differences in cognitive processes and their impact on spatial problem solving in disciplinary contexts. This study aimed to investigate cognitive processes involved in spatial thinking in geography…
Descriptors: College Students, Cognitive Processes, Spatial Ability, Geography Instruction
Jolien Moorkens; Jean-Philippe van Dijck; Wim Fias – Journal of Numerical Cognition, 2025
Previous research has investigated the Spatial Numerical Associations of Response Codes (SNARC) effect as a measure of spatial number coding in relation to mathematics (Cipora et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14355). An issue that arises if one wants to correlate mathematical performance with the SNARC effect, is how individual…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Decision Making, Task Analysis, Individual Differences
Natalie Toomey; Misook Heo – Learning: Research and Practice, 2024
This research examined how spatial ability, sex, and cognitive styles associate with self-directed multimedia resource use (study 1) and learning outcomes (study 2). In study 1, three learning resource options were offered: two unimodal (text-only and labelled-picture) and one multimodal (picture-with-narration). Findings revealed that lower…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Gender Differences, Pictorial Stimuli, Task Analysis
Hurst, Michelle; Cordes, Sara – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2017
Rational number understanding is a critical building block for success in more advanced mathematics; however, how rational number magnitudes are conceptualized is not fully understood. In the current study, we used a dual-task working memory (WM) interference paradigm to investigate the dominant type of strategy (i.e., requiring verbal WM…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Learning Strategies, Mathematics Skills, Number Concepts
Wen, Wen; Ishikawa, Toru; Sato, Takao – Cognitive Science, 2013
This study examined how different components of working memory are involved in the acquisition of egocentric and allocentric survey knowledge by people with a good and poor sense of direction (SOD). We employed a dual-task method and asked participants to learn routes from videos with verbal, visual, and spatial interference tasks and without any…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Cognitive Processes, Short Term Memory, Spatial Ability
Piccardi, L.; Risetti, M.; Nori, R.; Tanzilli, A.; Bernardi, L.; Guariglia, C. – Learning and Individual Differences, 2011
In the present study, we investigated the ability of 106 (55 males, 51 females) college students to recall an 8-step path from different viewpoints (0 degrees; 90 degrees; 180 degrees and 270 degrees) after primary and secondary learning without a time limit. For each participant, we computed the time and number of repetitions necessary to learn…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Gender Differences, College Students, Recall (Psychology)
Huang, Liqiang; Mo, Lei; Li, Ying – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
A large part of the empirical research in the field of visual attention has focused on various concrete paradigms. However, as yet, there has been no clear demonstration of whether or not these paradigms are indeed measuring the same underlying construct. We collected a very large data set (nearly 1.3 million trials) to address this question. We…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Attention, Short Term Memory, Individual Differences
Li, Yingli; O'Boyle, Michael W. – Psychological Record, 2008
Eighty college students mentally rotated 3-D shapes while maintaining a concurrent verbal or spatial memory load to investigate how sex, native language, and college major relate to the cognitive strategies employed during mental rotation (MR). Males were significantly better than females at MR, whereas native language was not related to MR…
Descriptors: Majors (Students), Social Sciences, Physical Sciences, Spatial Ability
Jones, Linda C. – CALICO Journal, 2009
This article describes how effectively multimedia learning environments can assist second language (L2) students of different spatial and verbal abilities with listening comprehension and vocabulary learning. In particular, it explores how written and pictorial annotations interacted with high/low spatial and verbal ability learners and thus…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Listening Comprehension, Verbal Ability, Vocabulary Development
Ishikawa, Toru; Montello, Daniel R. – Cognitive Psychology, 2006
Existing frameworks for explaining spatial knowledge acquisition in a new environment propose either stage-like or continuous development. To examine the spatial microgenesis of individuals, a longitudinal study was conducted. Twenty-four college students were individually driven along two routes in a previously unfamiliar neighborhood over 10…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Spatial Ability, College Students, Cognitive Mapping

Van Rooy, C.; Stough, C.; Pipingas, A.; Hocking, C.; Silberstein, R. B. – Intelligence, 2001
Used steady-state probe topography to investigate the cortical activity of 12 average and 12 high IQ Australian college students during a spatial working memory task. Results, in terms of changes in visual evoked potentials, suggest that the areas of the brain involved in working memory are influenced by individual differences in intelligence.…
Descriptors: Biological Influences, Brain, College Students, Correlation
Maiden, Patricia M.; Maiden, Robert J. – 1988
Although metamemory has recently received renewed interest by several investigators, individual differences in memory skills have received little if any attention. While individual differences in memory skills have common sense validity, these differences have been difficult to document experimentally. This study used a repeated measures design to…
Descriptors: Cognitive Style, College Students, Higher Education, Individual Differences
Mumaw, Randall J.; And Others – 1982
Twenty-eight engineering students were presented with complex spatial problems to investigate the effects of spatial aptitude and strategy selection on problem solving. Aptitude was determined by spatial aptitude test scores and strategy was determined by verbal reports and latency measures. It was found that aptitude determined the efficiency…
Descriptors: Aptitude, Cognitive Ability, College Students, Educational Research

Juhel, Jacques – Intelligence, 1991
Individual differences in performance on 4 computer-controlled visual memory and recognition tasks as a function of performance on 5 paper-and-pencil spatial tests were studied for 90 psychology students attending the University of Rennes (France). Results show that spatial thinking is partially supported by visual memory. (SLD)
Descriptors: College Students, Comparative Testing, Computer Assisted Testing, Foreign Countries
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