NotesFAQContact Us
Collection
Advanced
Search Tips
Showing all 15 results Save | Export
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Entel, Olga; Tzelgov, Joseph – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
It was suggested that 2 preconditions promote proactive control: a pending plan to control performance and availability of working memory (WM) storage resources. In 4 experiments, we applied these preconditions to the Stroop task. Using a new approach, we focused on task conflict while manipulating not only the different stimuli proportions, but…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Comparative Analysis, Reaction Time, Color
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Son, Gaeun; Oh, Byung-Il; Kang, Min-Suk; Chong, Sang Chul – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
We investigated whether clustering based on feature similarity improves the representational quality of visual working memory (VWM). We hypothesized that similar items are organized into clusters, and their recall precision increases with fewer clusters because of reduced memory load. In a series of 6 experiments, participants remembered…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Cognitive Ability
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Spinelli, Giacomo; Lupker, Stephen J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
In the Stroop task, congruency effects (i.e., the color-naming latency difference between incongruent stimuli, e.g., the word BLUE written in the color red, and congruent stimuli, e.g., RED in red) are smaller in a list in which incongruent trials are frequent than in a list in which incongruent trials are infrequent. The traditional explanation…
Descriptors: Color, Interference (Learning), Visual Stimuli, Reaction Time
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Kinoshita, Sachiko; Mills, Luke – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
The present study investigated how response mode (oral vs. manual) modulates the Stroop effect using a picture variant of the Stroop task in which participants named orally, or identified with a manual keypress, line drawings of animals (e.g., camel). Consistent with previous color-response Stroop studies, relative to the nonlinguistic neutral…
Descriptors: Phonology, Language Processing, Animals, Color
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Heusser, Andrew C.; Ezzyat, Youssef; Shiff, Ilana; Davachi, Lila – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Episodic memories are not veridical records of our lives, but rather are better described as organized summaries of experience. Theories and empirical research suggest that shifts in perceptual, temporal, and semantic information lead to a chunking of our continuous experiences into segments, or "events." However, the consequences of…
Descriptors: Mnemonics, Associative Learning, Memory, Cognitive Processes
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Chen, Lin; Perfetti, Charles A.; Fang, Xiaoping; Chang, Li-Yun – Second Language Research, 2021
When reading in a second language, a reader's first language may be involved. For word reading, the question is how and at what level: lexical, pre-lexical, or both. In three experiments, we employed an implicit reading task (color judgment) and an explicit reading task (word naming) to test whether a Chinese meaning equivalent character and its…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, Transfer of Training, Reading Processes
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Lin, Olivia Y.-H.; MacLeod, Colin M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Three experiments investigated the learning of simple associations in a color-word contingency task. Participants responded manually to the print colors of 3 words, with each word associated strongly to 1 of the 3 colors and weakly to the other 2 colors. Despite the words being irrelevant, response times to high-contingency stimuli and to…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Learning Processes, Contingency Management, Color
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Robison, Matthew K.; Unsworth, Nash – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Individuals with greater cognitive abilities generally show reduced rates of mind-wandering when completing relatively demanding tasks (Randall, Oswald, & Beier, 2014). However, it is yet unclear whether elevated rates of mind-wandering among low-ability individuals are manifestations of deliberate, intentional episodes of mind-wandering…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Attention Control, Short Term Memory, Task Analysis
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Giesen, Carina; Rothermund, Klaus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Stimulus-response (S-R) episodes are formed whenever a response is executed in close temporal proximity to a stimulus. Subsequent stimulus repetition will retrieve the episode from memory, reactivating the previous response. Whereas many research findings attest to the flexibility of representing stimulus features, only little is known about the…
Descriptors: Semantics, Motor Reactions, Task Analysis, Memory
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Roelofs, Ardi – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Investigators have found no agreement on the functional locus of Stroop interference in vocal naming. Whereas it has long been assumed that the interference arises during spoken word planning, more recently some investigators have revived an account from the 1960s and 1970s holding that the interference occurs in an articulatory buffer after word…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Interference (Language), Naming, Pictorial Stimuli
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Hutchison, Keith A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
Hypothesized top-down and bottom-up mechanisms of control within conflict-rich environments were examined by presenting participants with a Stroop task in which specific words were usually presented in either congruent or incongruent colors. Incongruent colors were either frequently (high contingency) or infrequently (low contingency) paired with…
Descriptors: Conflict, Short Term Memory, Task Analysis, Color
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Tse, Chi-Shing; Altarriba, Jeanette – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2012
By administering a Stroop task to college-student bilinguals varied in self-rated first- (L1) and second-language (L2) proficiency, the current study examined the effects of L1 and L2 proficiencies on selective attention performance. We conducted ex-Gaussian analyses to capture the modal and positive-tail components of participants' reaction time…
Descriptors: Evidence, Reaction Time, Goal Orientation, Attention
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Radvansky, Gabriel A.; Gibson, Bradley S.; McNerney, M. Windy – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
In the current study, we explored the influence of synesthesia on memory for word lists. We tested 10 grapheme-color synesthetes who reported an experience of color when reading letters or words. We replicated a previous finding that memory is compromised when synesthetic color is incongruent with perceptual color. Beyond this, we found that,…
Descriptors: Semantics, Graphemes, Word Lists, Memory
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Runger, Dennis; Schwager, Sabine; Frensch, Peter A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2010
Fernandez-Duque and Knight (2008, Experiment 4) described an across-task effect of endogenously generated, anticipatory control: A cue that predicted conflict in an upcoming Eriksen flanker task modulated conflict regulation in a subsequent number Stroop task. In 3 experiments, 1 of which included an exact replication condition, we failed to…
Descriptors: Conflict, Cognitive Processes, Cues, Prediction
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Muller, Hermann J.; Geyer, Thomas; Zehetleitner, Michael; Krummenacher, Joseph – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2009
Three experiments examined whether salient color singleton distractors automatically interfere with the detection singleton form targets in visual search (e.g., J. Theeuwes, 1992), or whether the degree of interference is top-down modulable. In Experiments 1 and 2, observers started with a pure block of trials, which contained either never a…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Children, Color, Simulation