Second language (L2) learning research suggests that virtual reality (VR) has the potential to enhance the development of language skills due to its immersive nature and its situated learning opportunities. This quantitative, between-subjects study compared the effectiveness of three learning conditions. University students (N = 63) studied…

This paper describes the application of new Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) in engineering education. It demonstrates how VLEs improve student learning in two engineering concepts compared with the traditional classroom setting. Literature has conflicting studies on both the advantages and disadvantages of learning in VLEs. The application of…

Extant literature has preliminarily confirmed the potential benefits of holographic projections for educational purposes. Yet, students' experiences of learning by holographic projection have rarely been addressed. The main purpose of this study was therefore to explore students' conceptions of and approaches to learning by holographic projection.…

Fostering students' knowledge and courage to face illegal or immoral problems is a critical aim in educational settings. However, it is challenging for students who lack knowledge and social experience to comprehend the sins behind the immoral cases and have the moral courage to deal with those problems. Therefore, in the present study, an…

Deep learning is a very popular topic in computer sciences courses despite the fact that it is often challenging for beginners to take their first step due to the complexity of understanding and applying Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Thus, the need to both understand and use neural networks is appearing at an ever-increasing rate across all…

Animal vocal behaviour represents a certain meaning, which is the explicit expression of animal emotions, needs and communication. Different from human language, animal vocal behaviour is very abstract, and the learning material of animal vocal behaviour is also more difficult to obtain. It is hard for college students to recognize vocal…

Practical laboratory sessions are essential for engineering education, demanding efficient use of limited time. In recent years, Virtual Reality (VR) technologies have introduced Virtual Laboratories (VLs), offering the potential to enhance students' educational experience. Despite their potential, VLs are rarely utilised in civil engineering…

Three modes of deliberate vocabulary study were investigated to determine how well they assisted learners' recall of the meaning of target concrete nouns. Two modes of tablet-based augmented reality, one context-independent (AR1) and one context-dependent (AR2), were compared with each other and with paper-based word cards (WC) in the deliberate…

This study developed a VR-based mobile learning system to simulate the natural environment of a geopark for university students to learn geological knowledge. This learning method used a Google cardboard equipped with smartphones, where students can watch stereoscopic scenes and experience virtual environments as if visiting the geopark. In order…

In an effort to better engage biomedical engineering technology (BMET) students with material covered in lectures and to connect them with their future careers, we created interactive 360° videos in typical BMET workplaces. Students watched the videos using virtual reality (VR) headsets and reflected on the experience. Students commented that the…

Unlike desktop computers, reading in virtual reality allows the reader and the information to cohabit in the three-dimensional space. However, virtual reality typography rarely exploits the new affordances three-dimensionality offers. This study addressed the need to understand the contributions of spatially distributed layouts on expository text…

Online learning has become a daily mode of modern education, and its effect on learning outcomes has also been widely discussed. Engagement, satisfaction and academic performance are often used to measure learning outcomes, while factors such as physical motorization, information presentation and embodied learning experiences are often used to…

Climate change and global warming have huge impacts on the most fragile ecosystems on Earth. With temperatures rising, most of the tropical glaciers on Earth, found near the Equator, will be gone before the end of the century. These far-removed natural areas are obscure and difficult for students to visit or learn from directly. Educating students…

A set of web-based stereochemistry tools which help students use virtual 3D models to translate Newman projections and chair conformations and assign "R/S" labels to stereocenters from 2D dashed-wedged structures is described. These tools are unique in the way they link 2D dashed-wedged structures to 3D models to help students develop…

This paper provides two demonstrations of how Augmented Reality (AR), which is the projection of virtual information onto a real-world object, can be applied in the classroom and in the laboratory. Using only a smart phone and the free HP Reveal app, content rich AR notecards were prepared. The physical notecards are based on Organic Chemistry I…