Despite the clear long-term benefits of spaced practice, students and teachers often choose massed practice. Whether learners actually fail to appreciate the benefits of spacing is, however, open to question. Early studies (e.g., Zechmeister & Shaughnessy, 1980) found that participants' judgments of learning were higher after massed than after…

The purpose of the present experiments was to further explore the role of choice by giving Ss the opportunity to choose the stimulus words rather than the response words. (Author)

In the present study, acoustic similarity and word frequency were varied and their effects independently assessed on free-recall-learning (FRL) and paired-associate-recognition (PAR) tasks. (Author)

Three studies were performed to investigate the effects of training versus instructions in the acquisition of cognitive learning strategies. Groups of undergraduate students were taught to use one or more strategies. The amount and type of training differed for each of the experimental groups. Strategies taught included the method of loci,…