The question of the relative contribution of verbal and nonverbal behaviors to the judged level of empathy was examined. Results showed that the nonverbal effects accounted for twice the variability as compared to verbal message. (Author)

Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of therapists' approach-avoidance responses on the elicitation of mentally retarded client dependent and hostile statements. Results indicated clients did not respond differentially to therapist approach-avoidance behavior in the early counseling session but did respond differentially in the late…

Experienced counselors who also had systematic training on the facilitative conditions were consistently accurate in discriminating the helpfulness of others and themselves. Experienced counselors who had no systematic training showed good discrimination of other's helpfulness, but they significantly overrated themselves as to their own…

There were no significant differences in the way explicit and implicit counselors were perceived. Subjects preferred seeing counselors with whom they agreed on the values issue. Subjects hearing the explicit counselor value statement rated the counselor as more trustworthy when they agreed with her values. (Author)

Evaluates a microtraining approach for training situationally nonassertive clients in assertive expression. Procedure included individualized training situations and a test of generalization. Microtraining, regardless of feedback type, increased self-rated and objectively rated assertiveness, compared to an insight-oriented counseling control.…

The study was designed to assess the impact of a structured communications skills workshop of self-referred clients who expressed problems in feeling uncomfortable, awkward, or isolated in their relationships with others. (Author)

Subjects' ratings of interviewer trustworthiness indicated: significant class and definition effects, but no significant sex effect; a tendency for the manner in which the interviewer acted to influence ratings more than the content of his communications; and generally lower ratings for terminal scenes than for initial or middle. (Author)

Studied effects of specialized training and expert nonverbal behaviors. Female undergraduates viewed videotapes of a counseling interaction between a professional counselor and confederate client, and rated the counselor on credibility. Results indicated that each manipulation significantly affected perceived expertness. Expert nonverbal beahvior…

The goodness of fit of a first-order Markov chain model to six counseling interviews was assessed by using chi-square tests of homogeneity and simulating sampling distributions of selected process characteristics against which the same characteristics in the actual interviews were compared. The model fit four of the interviews. Presented at AERA,…

The effect on attitude change of interviewee intelligence and explicitness of interviewer's conclusion was examined in a counseling analogue. Analysis did not support the hypotheses that attitudes of lower intelligence subjects are changed more by explicit conclusions and that attitudes of higher intelligence subjects are changed more by implicit…

To replicate a study purporting to show positive effects of facilitative interpersonal functioning in a conditioning paradigm, 32 subjects were verbally conditioned within an experiment designed to vary preexperiment interview, facilitative level of the experimenter, and contingency of reinforcement. The present study failed to substantiate the…

Communication apprehension, the apprehension an individual has about interpersonal communication, was hypothesized to affect both the perceived desirability of a number of occupations and the actual job choice made by subjects. Both hypotheses received support. (Author)

The immediacy of 24 conceptually complex and 24 conceptually simple introductory psychology students' self-disclosures was assessed as a function of (a) the level of immediacy of a confederate's self-disclosures and (b) the similarity of the subject's and confederate's levels of conceptual complexity. (Author)

This study confirms the relationship between level of interviewee anxiety and desk arrangement in the context of an interview. (Author)

Tested assumptions about behavioral cues that clients use to infer what helpers intend. Questions and acknowledgments were best predictors of client perceptions. Guiding was perceived more often than advisement actually occurred. Intention of communicating understanding of message shifted from reflection in the analogue to acknowledgment in the…