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Direct linkJoginder Singh, Susheel; Iacono, Teresa; Gray, Kylie M. – Journal of Early Intervention, 2014
Children with Down syndrome (DS) and cerebral palsy (CP) are at risk of remaining pre-symbolic in their communication and play for prolonged periods. The aim of this study was to explore the early communication and play of children with DS and with CP who communicated at the pre-symbolic stage, and to determine the association between these…
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Cerebral Palsy, Foreign Countries, Communication Skills
Download full textMalloy, Peggy – National Consortium on Deaf-Blindness, 2008
Language involves the use of symbols in the form of words or signs that allow people to communicate their thoughts, ideas, and needs. Even without formal language, many children who are deaf-blind learn to communicate with gestures and object or picture symbols. Symbolic expression makes it possible to express thoughts and feelings about the…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Deafness, Language Acquisition, Deaf Blind
Hammond Jill; Bailey, Patricia – Special Education: Forward Trends, 1976
The Bliss Symbol System, an international pictorial language, is being used in Great Britain to help children with speech difficulties communicate in school and home. (IM)
Descriptors: Communication Skills, Elementary Education, Exceptional Child Research, Language Acquisition
Peer reviewedRobinshaw, Helen M. – Early Child Development and Care, 1994
Provides an overview of how early identification and intervention for hearing impairment may benefit deaf infants' acquisition of symbolic language. Concludes that the role of the caregiver is central to the planning and success of early intervention programs for infants with deafness. (MDM)
Descriptors: Auditory Perception, Caregiver Role, Communication Skills, Deafness
Peer reviewedKozleski, Elizabeth B. – Exceptionality: A Research Journal, 1991
This study evaluated ease of learning 5 visual symbol sets (photopictorial, rebus, Blissymbolics, orthography, and Premack-type tokens) with 4 autistic students (ages 7-13). A second article describes the development of instructional procedures for the students, noting the contribution of behavioral, cognitive developmental, and information…
Descriptors: Autism, Communication Skills, Elementary Secondary Education, Expressive Language
