Participatory research began as a reaction to traditional social science research methodology, which tended to make persons into objects of study. It had its beginnings in Tanzania around 1970, when a group of farmers participated in research to assess and solve the problem of losses of grain harvests. The process grew out of the philosophy of…

A growing trend in social science research is to reject those modes that treat individuals as objects of research and to accept the role of catalyst in helping the people to do their own research. Also, there is an increasing demand that results of social research must serve in a timely way to improve the situation of those involved. Participatory…

Founded in 1972 by the Twin Cities Indian community, the Red School House is an Indian designed alternative to education in the public schools that involves Indian community participation and control, a culturally based curriculum, and the encouragement of student self-awareness, confidence, and pride. In 1976 the school was named by the U.S.…