Of all American pastimes, bowling is one of the easiest to pursue. Just show up at the neighborhood bowling center, rent the required shoes, use the balls provided, and pay a reasonable fee to bowl as many games as one likes. The game itself--rolling a ball down a long wooden lane to strike club-shaped pins--appeals to all ages and is within the…

In spite of its obvious deficiencies, the club system in West Germany represents a powerful model for lifelong education in the sphere of sports and recreation. (Author)

Military recreation offers many diverse programs similar to those found in commercial, school, industrial, and public recreational facilities. These programs include not only sports events and athletic competitions but also cultural activities and live entertainment. (JN)

Information is given to help program planners develop strategies for community sports programs for disabled individuals. Suggestions on funding, participant identification, training procedures, transportation, and mainstreaming are discussed. (DF)

Fred Engh, president of the National Youth Sports Coaches Association, discusses problems in youth sports, including: win-at-all-costs coaching philosophies, parent involvement, and lack of proper training for volunteers. (CJ)

A collection of eight articles explains that swimming is but one of the many aquatic sports that can take place in a swimming pool and that aquatic education is becoming an integral part of physical education programs. (MM)

The Sport Foundation, Inc. presented awards to municipal park and recreation management for extraordinary service to their respective communities." (AN)

The quality of untrained adult leadership is a critical determinant of whether organized athletic competition for children outside of school is beneficial or detrimental. Physical educators have an obligation to become involved directly or indirectly as providers of coaching education for volunteers or by facilitating the development of youth…

This study analyzes the Soviet award system, in particular the Prepared for Word and Defense (PWD) program. The PWD program is composed of five stages and embraces people from ages 10 to 60. Each stage has a section of requirements and a section of norms, which take into consideration age variations. The norms section, which is the most important…

A recent trend in community recreation programing is to implement special fitness programs for the disabled. However, physical fitness programing should present the opportunity for the disabled individual to move toward his optimal level of functioning and to return to a normal healthful lifestyle. (JN)

Drastic changes in and elimination of park, recreation, and leisure services curricula have occurred in higher education. Practitioners and educators can help promote the future of campus and community programs. The paper explains how to create the necessary image to keep such programs workable, noting important keys to program success. (SM)

Specific suggestions which could be made by a community education office for cooperative arrangements between the local school district and the parks and recreation departments include: (1) providing space; (2) sharing staff and equipment; and (3) coordinating the local school district's organized sports program. (JN)

Because the kibbutz in Israel is work-oriented, leisure activities play a small role in the lives of the people; recreation most often takes the form of intellectual pursuits, reading, discussion, and participation in group activities such as an occasional game of soccer. (JD)

This paper examines the organization, planning, development, and staging of foot races, bicycle races, or multi-event competitions as fund raisers for public or private groups in rural areas. Local businesses often assist in sponsoring such events in order to get free advertising and make money from newcomers drawn to the event. Organizers must be…