One of the weakest areas of professional preparation and professional in-service training and development is that of community development education. Each year, many professionally trained recruits go into the field of library service with only the most rudimentary notion of, and training for community, group, and power-structure analyses. Library…

This study examines how communities participate in schools across diverse contexts in developing countries and the results attributed to community participation. It reviews evaluations of participatory approaches to education in developing countries to answer two basic questions: 1) How do communities participate in school in developing countries?…

Analysis of racism has shifted in focus over the years from concentration on individual/interpersonal processes to considerations of organizational variables that maintain racist outcomes. The concept of organizational or institutional racism refers to processes, behaviors, policies, or procedures that covertly sanction unequal access to goods and…