Experience with a visual-spatial language may influence certain cognitive processes (Keehner and Gathercole 2007). Spatial ability is an important cognitive skill (Linn and Petersen 1985). Some research has found that deaf signers outperform hearing nonsigners on certain spatial tasks (e.g., Emmorey, Kosslyn, and Bellugi 1993) and that hearing…

The large volume of material to be learned in biomedical disciplines requires optimizing the efficiency of instruction. In prior work with computer-based instruction of neuroanatomy, it was relatively efficient for learners to master whole anatomy and then transfer to learning sectional anatomy. It may, however, be more efficient to continuously…

Compared were inductive programed, deductive programed, and conventional lecture-question methods of instruction related to Newton's Second Law of Motion on outcome gains including recall of factual information, ability to solve mathematical problems, and retention. Some 266 students in three schools participated and were compared for…

Principles of mechanics and simple machines were taught to 14 ninth-grade general science classes. Three treatments were used: (1) an Expository-Deductive program in which the subject reads the statement and explanation of a principle before working with example frames illustrating that principle; (2) a Discovery-Inductive program in which the…