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Xiaoming Zhai; Matthew Nyaaba; Wenchao Ma – Science & Education, 2025
This study aimed to examine an assumption regarding whether generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tools can overcome the cognitive intensity that humans suffer when solving problems. We examine the performance of ChatGPT and GPT-4 on NAEP science assessments and compare their performance to students by cognitive demands of the items. Fifty-four…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, National Competency Tests, Elementary Secondary Education, Problem Solving
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Beretvas, S. Natasha; Cawthon, Stephanie W.; Lockhart, L. Leland; Kaye, Alyssa D. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2012
This pedagogical article is intended to explain the similarities and differences between the parameterizations of two multilevel measurement model (MMM) frameworks. The conventional two-level MMM that includes item indicators and models item scores (Level 1) clustered within examinees (Level 2) and the two-level cross-classified MMM (in which item…
Descriptors: Test Bias, Comparative Analysis, Test Items, Difficulty Level
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Brown, J.; Schiller, K.; Roey, S.; Perkins, R.; Schmidt, W.; Houang, R. – National Center for Education Statistics, 2013
The 2005 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) High School Transcript Study (HSTS) found that high school graduates in 2005 earned more mathematics credits, took higher level mathematics courses, and obtained higher grades in mathematics courses than in 1990. The report also noted that these improvements in students' academic records…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Mathematics Achievement, Academic Records, Credits
Wilson, Jeffrey Scott – ProQuest LLC, 2008
The relationship between the philosophical orientation of a high school citizenship education program and the kinds of competencies that students exhibit on a nationally administered civics knowledge assessment was investigated. The researcher imposed a philosophical paradigm of political perfectionism on the citizenship education curriculum in…
Descriptors: Citizenship Education, Program Effectiveness, Private Schools, Citizenship
Martinez, Michael E. – 1990
In contrast to multiple-choice test questions, figural response items call for constructed responses and rely upon figural material, such as illustrations and graphs, as the response medium. Figural response questions in various science domains were created and administered to a sample of 347 fourth, 365 eighth, and 322 twelfth graders. Data were…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Constructed Response, Difficulty Level, Elementary Education
Park, Chung; Allen, Nancy L. – 1994
This study is part of continuing research into the meaning of future National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) science scales. In this study, the test framework, as examined by NAEP's consensus process, and attributes of the items, identified by science experts, cognitive scientists, and measurement specialists, are examined. Preliminary…
Descriptors: Communication (Thought Transfer), Comparative Analysis, Construct Validity, Content Validity