The present study investigated the comparison between short and long-term effectiveness of input-providing and output-prompting negotiation strategies on mastering the target structures. To this end, the participants were divided into three groups, namely two experimental groups who had a special kind of treatment, and one control group without…

Focus on Form (FonF) instruction places dual emphasis on meaningful interaction and overt reference to problematic or more complex forms in L2 classes. One way to draw attention to such forms is through incidental preemptive FonF. As an attempt to expand the scope of teacher-initiated preemptive FonF, the present quasi-experimental study explored…