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Direct linkLingbo Tong; Wen Qu; Zhiyong Zhang – Grantee Submission, 2025
Factor analysis is widely utilized to identify latent factors underlying the observed variables. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of two widely used methods for determining the optimal number of factors in factor analysis, the K1 rule, and parallel analysis, along with a more recently developed method, the bass-ackward method.…
Descriptors: Factor Analysis, Monte Carlo Methods, Statistical Analysis, Sample Size
Yanjing Cao; Chenchen Xu; Shan Lu; Qi Li; Jing Xiao – Psychology in the Schools, 2025
The patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is widely utilized in assessing individuals' depression levels. Nevertheless, research regarding its factor structure and measurement invariance remains inadequate. The aim of this study was to delve into the factor structure of the PHQ-9 and to further investigate its measurement invariance across gender…
Descriptors: Factor Structure, Error of Measurement, Factor Analysis, Age Differences
John B. Buncher; Jayson M. Nissen; Ben Van Dusen; Robert M. Talbot – Physical Review Physics Education Research, 2025
Research-based assessments (RBAs) allow researchers and practitioners to compare student performance across different contexts and institutions. In recent years, research attention has focused on the student populations these RBAs were initially developed with because much of that research was done with "samples of convenience" that were…
Descriptors: Science Tests, Physics, Comparative Analysis, Gender Differences
