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Direct linkMargreet Vogelzang; Ianthi Maria Tsimpli; Anusha Balasubramanian; Minati Panda; Suvarna Alladi; Abhigna Reddy; Lina Mukhopadhyay; Jeanine Treffers-Daller; Theodoros Marinis – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2025
In a highly multilingual country like India, challenges and opportunities arise in education and language policy. Although multilingualism is often associated with developmental advantages, Indian primary school children generally show low learning outcomes, specifically on literacy. Here we examine the influence of mother tongue education and…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Barriers, Language Planning, Language of Instruction
Akhil Kumar Singh – Policy Futures in Education, 2025
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marks a significant shift in India's educational framework, particularly with its emphasis on multilingual education (MLE) and mother tongue-based instruction (MTI). Recognizing India's vast linguistic diversity, the policy advocates for teaching in the mother tongue or local language until at least Grade…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Multilingualism, Native Language, Educational Policy
Lightfoot, Amy; Balasubramanian, Anusha; Tsimpli, Ianthi; Mukhopadhyay, Lina; Treffers-Daller, Jeanine – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2022
India's linguistic diversity is reflected in classrooms across the country, where multiple languages are used by teachers and learners to negotiate meaning and instruction -- a multilingual, multicultural student body is the norm, whether in urban or rural contexts. This study documents teaching practices in English language and maths lessons in…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Anderson, Jason; Lightfoot, Amy – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2021
This paper reports on an exploratory survey investigating both translingual practices in English language classrooms in India and attitudes towards translanguaging and L1 use among teachers surveyed. 169 teachers from primary, secondary, tertiary and adult sectors responded to 33 quantitative and six qualitative items investigating nine research…
Descriptors: Native Language, Translation, Second Language Learning, Code Switching (Language)
Xi, Xiaoming; Mollaun, Pam – Language Learning, 2011
We investigated the scoring of the Speaking section of the Test of English as a Foreign Language[TM] Internet-based (TOEFL iBT[R]) test by speakers of English and one or more Indian languages. We explored the extent to which raters from India, after being trained and certified, were able to score the TOEFL examinees with mixed first languages…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Scoring, Foreign Countries, English (Second Language)
