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Executive Functions and Prader-Willi Syndrome: Global Deficit Linked with Intellectual Level and Syndrome-Specific Associations
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Chevalère, Johann; Postal, Virginie; Jauregui, Joseba; Copet, Pierre; Laurier, Virginie; Thuilleaux, Denise – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2015
The aim of this study was to support the growing evidence suggesting that Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) might present with an impairment of executive functions (EFs) and to investigate whether this impairment is specific to patients with PWS or due to their intellectual disability (ID). Six tasks were administered to assess EFs (inhibition,…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Disabilities, Executive Function, Neurological Impairments
Rule-Based Category Learning in Down Syndrome
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Phillips, B. Allyson; Conners, Frances A.; Merrill, Edward; Klinger, Mark R. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2014
Rule-based category learning was examined in youths with Down syndrome (DS), youths with intellectual disability (ID), and typically developing (TD) youths. Two tasks measured category learning: the Modified Card Sort task (MCST) and the Concept Formation test of the Woodcock-Johnson-III (Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2001). In regression-based…
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Mental Retardation, Youth, Comparative Analysis
Spatial-Sequential and Spatial-Simultaneous Working Memory in Individuals with Williams Syndrome
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Lanfranchi, Silvia; De Mori, Letizia; Mammarella, Irene C.; Carretti, Barbara; Vianello, Renzo – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2015
The aim of the present study was to compare visuospatial working memory performance in 18 individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) and 18 typically developing (TD) children matched for nonverbal mental age. Two aspects were considered: task presentation format (i.e., spatial-sequential or spatial-simultaneous), and level of attentional control…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Disabilities, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability
Profiles of Everyday Executive Functioning in Young Children with Down Syndrome
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Daunhauer, Lisa A.; Fidler, Deborah J.; Hahn, Laura; Will, Elizabeth; Lee, Nancy Raitano; Hepburn, Susan – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2014
We investigated executive functioning (EF) in children with Down syndrome (DS; n = 25) and typically developing (TD) children matched for mental age (MA; n = 23) using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool. We sought to (1) compare children with DS to a developmentally matched control group, and (2) to characterize the EF…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Cognitive Processes, Children, Down Syndrome
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cognitive Processing in Young Adults with Down Syndrome
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Jacola, Lisa M.; Byars, Anna W.; Chalfonte-Evans, Melinda; Schmithorst, Vincent J.; Hickey, Fran; Patterson, Bonnie; Hotze, Stephanie; Vannest, Jennifer; Chiu, Chung-Yiu; Holland, Scott K.; Schapiro, Mark B. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2011
The authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate neural activation during a semantic-classification/object-recognition task in 13 persons with Down syndrome and 12 typically developing control participants (age range = 12-26 years). A comparison between groups suggested atypical patterns of brain activation for the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Young Adults, Down Syndrome, Brain
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Action Observation in Adults with Down Syndrome
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Virji-Babul, Naznin; Moiseev, Alexander; Cheung, Teresa; Weeks, Daniel J.; Cheyne, Douglas; Ribary, Urs – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2010
Results of a magnetoencephalography (MEG) brain imaging study conducted to examine the cortical responses during action execution and action observation in 10 healthy adults and 8 age-matched adults with Down syndrome are reported. During execution, the motor responses were strongly lateralized on the ipsilateral rather than the contralateral side…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Observation, Down Syndrome, Adults
Atypical Functional Brain Activation during a Multiple Object Tracking Task in Girls with Turner Syndrome: Neurocorrelates of Reduced Spatiotemporal Resolution
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Beaton, Elliott A.; Stoddard, Joel; Lai, Song; Lackey, John; Shi, Jianrong; Ross, Judith L.; Simon, Tony J. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2010
Turner syndrome is associated with spatial and numerical cognitive impairments. We hypothesized that these nonverbal cognitive impairments result from limits in spatial and temporal processing, particularly as it affects attention. To examine spatiotemporal attention in girls with Turner syndrome versus typically developing controls, we used a…
Descriptors: Females, Congenital Impairments, Spatial Ability, Brain Hemisphere Functions