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Direct linkDavid, Virginia – Applied Language Learning, 2016
This study compares learners' writing in an impromptu, timed writing (ITW) exam and in a process-based, timed writing (PBTW) exam to investigate the differences between these two types of assessments. A secondary objective of this study is to examine the test takers' attitudes towards the two exams. Forty participants taking ESL writing classes…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Second Language Learning, Essays, Writing Evaluation
Krashen, Stephen – Applied Language Learning, 2012
In previous reviews of studies comparing explicit and implicit instruction (Krashen, 1981, 1982, 1999, 2003), the author argued that explicit instruction will show a positive effect only when the following conditions for the use of the conscious Monitor are met: (1) the acquirer consciously knows the rule or the meaning of the item--that is, has…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Phrase Structure, Verbs, Grammar
