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Bianchi, Giulia – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2013
This study compares mastery of gender assignment and agreement in Italian by adult Italian-German bilinguals who have acquired two languages simultaneously (2L1), and by adult German highly proficient second language learners (L2ers) of Italian. Our data show that incompleteness in bilingual acquisition and in second language (L2) acquisition…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Second Language Learning, German, Italian
Monner, Derek; Vatz, Karen; Morini, Giovanna; Hwang, So-One; DeKeyser, Robert – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2013
To investigate potential causes of L2 performance deficits that correlate with age of onset, we use a computational model to explore the individual contributions of L1 entrenchment and aspects of memory development. Since development and L1 entrenchment almost invariably coincide, studying them independently is seldom possible in humans. To avoid…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Grammar
Montrul, Silvina; Davidson, Justin; De La Fuente, Israel; Foote, Rebecca – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2014
We examined how age of acquisition in Spanish heritage speakers and L2 learners interacts with implicitness vs. explicitness of tasks in gender processing of canonical and non-canonical ending nouns. Twenty-three Spanish native speakers, 29 heritage speakers, and 33 proficiency-matched L2 learners completed three on-line spoken word recognition…
Descriptors: Grammar, Language Processing, Nouns, Spanish
Kormi-Nouri, Reza; Moradi, Ali-Reza; Moradi, Shahram; Akbari-Zardkhaneh, Saeed; Zahedian, Haedeh – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2012
The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of bilingualism on letter and category fluency tasks. Participants were 1,600 monolingual and bilingual children from three cities in Iran: Tehran (Persian monolinguals), Tabriz (Turkish-Persian bilinguals), and Sanandaj (Kurdish-Persian bilinguals). We separately presented nine Persian…
Descriptors: Monolingualism, Foreign Countries, Grade 1, Language Proficiency
Foucart, Alice; Frenck-Mestre, Cheryl – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2011
This study examines the effect of proficiency and similarity between the first and the second language on grammatical gender processing in L2. In three experiments, we manipulated gender agreement violations within the determiner phrase (DP), between the determiner and the noun (Experiment 1), the postposed adjective and the noun (Experiment 2)…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Nouns, Grammar, Language Processing
Li, Degao; Zhang, Xiannv; Wang, Guoying – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2011
In the development of their semantic networks, bilinguals can be influenced by the levels of proficiency they have in their second language (L2) and by the age at which they acquired the language. Two exercises, one in word association and one in forced-choice decision-making, were used to test whether the pattern of relative awareness of thematic…
Descriptors: Semantics, Performance Factors, High School Students, Native Language
Zawiszewski, Adam; Gutierrez, Eva; Fernandez, Beatriz; Laka, Itziar – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2011
In this study, we explore native and non-native syntactic processing, paying special attention to the language distance factor. To this end, we compared how native speakers of Basque and highly proficient non-native speakers of Basque who are native speakers of Spanish process certain core aspects of Basque syntax. Our results suggest that…
Descriptors: Form Classes (Languages), Language Processing, Native Speakers, Second Language Learning
Ribbert, Anne; Kuiken, Folkert – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2010
This article reports on an investigation of changes in the grammatical competence of Germans living in the Netherlands. The participants (N = 52) were asked to give their judgments on the grammaticality of infinitive clauses in German. The judgments of this group were compared to those of a control group that lived in Germany and did not have…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Grammar, Foreign Countries, Indo European Languages
Montrul, Silvina; Bowles, Melissa – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2009
The obligatory use of the preposition a with animate, specific direct objects in Spanish ("Juan conoce a Maria" "Juan knows Maria") is a well-known instance of Differential Object Marking (DOM; Torrego, 1998; Leonetti, 2004). Recent studies have documented the loss and/or incomplete acquisition of several grammatical features in Spanish heritage…
Descriptors: Language Skill Attrition, Heritage Education, Verbs, Grammar