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Direct linkVandermosten, Maaike; Boets, Bart; Poelmans, Hanne; Sunaert, Stefan; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquiere, Pol – Brain, 2012
Diffusion tensor imaging tractography is a structural magnetic resonance imaging technique allowing reconstruction and assessment of the integrity of three dimensional white matter tracts, as indexed by their fractional anisotropy. It is assumed that the left arcuate fasciculus plays a crucial role for reading development, as it connects two…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Phonemes, Dyslexia, Integrity
Spencer, Michael D.; Holt, Rosemary J.; Chura, Lindsay R.; Calder, Andrew J.; Suckling, John; Bullmore, Edward T.; Baron-Cohen, Simon – Brain, 2012
Atypical activation during the Embedded Figures Task has been demonstrated in autism, but has not been investigated in siblings or related to measures of clinical severity. We identified atypical activation during the Embedded Figures Task in participants with autism and unaffected siblings compared with control subjects in a number of temporal…
Descriptors: Interpersonal Relationship, Autism, Cognitive Style, Siblings
Lane, Alison R.; Smith, Daniel T.; Ellison, Amanda; Schenk, Thomas – Brain, 2010
Patients with homonymous visual field defects experience disabling functional impairments as a consequence of their visual loss. Compensatory visual exploration training aims to improve the searching skills of these patients in order to help them to cope more effectively. However, until now the efficacy of this training has not been compared to…
Descriptors: Partial Vision, Neurological Impairments, Attention, Visual Perception
Farzin, Faraz; Rivera, Susan M.; Whitney, David – Brain, 2011
Fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of inherited intellectual impairment and the most common single-gene cause of autism. Individuals with fragile X syndrome present with a neurobehavioural phenotype that includes selective deficits in spatiotemporal visual perception associated with neural processing in frontal-parietal networks of the…
Descriptors: Attention, Infants, Visual Perception, Genetic Disorders
Aviezer, Hillel; Bentin, Shlomo; Hassin, Ran R.; Meschino, Wendy S.; Kennedy, Jeanne; Grewal, Sonya; Esmail, Sherali; Cohen, Sharon; Moscovitch, Morris – Brain, 2009
Numerous studies have demonstrated that Huntington's disease mutation-carriers have deficient explicit recognition of isolated facial expressions. There are no studies, however, which have investigated the recognition of facial expressions embedded within an emotional body and scene context. Real life facial expressions are typically embedded in…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Perception, Neurological Impairments, Genetic Disorders
Phenotypical Characteristics of Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus with and without Mutations in "FRMD7"
Thomas, Shery; Proudlock, Frank A.; Sarvananthan, Nagini; Roberts, Eryl O.; Awan, Musarat; McLean, Rebecca; Surendran, Mylvaganam; Kumar, A. S. Anil; Farooq, Shegufta J.; Degg, Chris; Gale, Richard P.; Reinecke, Robert D.; Woodruff, Geoffrey; Langmann, Andrea; Lindner, Susanne; Jain, Sunila; Tarpey, Patrick; Raymond, F. Lucy; Gottlob, Irene – Brain, 2008
Idiopathic infantile nystagmus (IIN) consists of involuntary oscillations of the eyes. The familial form is most commonly X-linked. We recently found mutations in a novel gene "FRMD7" (Xq26.2), which provided an opportunity to investigate a genetically defined and homogeneous group of patients with nystagmus. We compared clinical features and eye…
Descriptors: Visual Impairments, Eye Movements, Visual Acuity, Depth Perception
Malhotra, Paresh; Coulthard, Elizabeth J.; Husain, Masud – Brain, 2009
Recent models of human posterior parietal cortex (PPC) have variously emphasized its role in spatial perception, visuomotor control or directing attention. However, neuroimaging and lesion studies also suggest that the right PPC might play a special role in maintaining an alert state. Previously, assessments of right-hemisphere patients with…
Descriptors: Patients, Spatial Ability, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests
MacSweeney, Mairead; Brammer, Michael J.; Waters, Dafydd; Goswami, Usha – Brain, 2009
Hearing developmental dyslexics and profoundly deaf individuals both have difficulties processing the internal structure of words (phonological processing) and learning to read. In hearing non-impaired readers, the development of phonological representations depends on audition. In hearing dyslexics, many argue, auditory processes may be impaired.…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Deafness, Rhyme, Brain
Mapstone, Mark; Dickerson, Kathryn; Duffy, Charles J. – Brain, 2008
Similar manifestations of functional decline in ageing and Alzheimer's disease obscure differences in the underlying cognitive mechanisms of impairment. We sought to examine the contributions of top-down attentional and bottom-up perceptual factors to visual self-movement processing in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. We administered a novel…
Descriptors: Alzheimers Disease, Aging (Individuals), Older Adults, Cognitive Ability
Gomot, Marie; Belmonte, Matthew K.; Bullmore, Edward T.; Bernard, Frederic A.; Baron-Cohen, Simon – Brain, 2008
Although communication and social difficulties in autism have received a great deal of research attention, the other key diagnostic feature, extreme repetitive behaviour and unusual narrow interests, has been addressed less often. Also known as "resistance to change" this may be related to atypical processing of infrequent, novel stimuli. This can…
Descriptors: Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Autism, Interests, Brain
Doucet, M. E.; Bergeron, F.; Lassonde, M.; Ferron, P.; Lepore, F. – Brain, 2006
Recent work suggests that once the auditory cortex of deaf persons has been reorganized by cross-modal plasticity, it can no longer respond to signals from a cochlear implant (CI) installed subsequently. To further examine this issue, we compared the evoked potentials involved in the processing of visual stimuli between CI users and hearing…
Descriptors: Auditory Perception, Speech, Assistive Technology, Deafness
