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van der Goot, Marloes H.; Tomasello, Michael; Liszkowski, Ulf – Child Development, 2014
This study investigated how great apes and human infants use imperative pointing to request objects. In a series of three experiments (infants, N = 44; apes, N = 12), subjects were given the opportunity to either point to a desired object from a distance or else to approach closer and request it proximally. The apes always approached close to the…
Descriptors: Infants, Animals, Nonverbal Communication, Proximity
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Plumert, Jodie M.; Hawkins, Aimee M. – Child Development, 2001
Examined in 4 experiments 3- and 4-year-olds' ability to communicate about containment and proximity relations. Found that when describing where a toy mouse was hidden, children were more likely to successfully disambiguate a small landmark when it was in, rather than next to, the large landmark. Three-year-olds initiated searches faster when the…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Bias, Cognitive Development, Communication Skills