The self-esteem of 120 males with and without specific learning disabilities, at each of two levels of development (preadolescent and adolescent) was measured using Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. (MP)

Examined second-, third-, fifth-, and sixth graders' evaluations of a classroom friend and a classroom best-friend relationship. Found that children rated a classroom best friend higher than a classroom friend on caring, help/guidance, companionship, intimacy, conflict resolution, and exclusivity. Older children distinguished more between friends…

Examined second-, third-, fifth-, and sixth-graders' evaluations of parent-child inductive discipline situations. Found that for physical transgressions, victim-oriented induction was evaluated as more appropriate and fair than parent-oriented induction. Younger children evaluated parent-oriented induction as more appropriate than older children.…

This study compared scores of 131 deaf and 131 hearing adolescents on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. (SB)

Applies the analytic technique of maximum likelihood factor analysis to the intercorrelations of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised's subtests as a means for assessing more or less differentiation and integration. (HOD)

Compared the moral judgment of violence, portrayed in story cards, by 20 physically abused and 20 non-maltreated 8- to 13-year-old boys. Findings showed no significant differences between the two groups. Main effects of the offender's motive and the action's consequences were found, but there were no effects for the kind of violence (physical or…

Examined emotion regulation decisions and outcome expectations following emotionally expressive behavior in fifth, eighth, and eleventh graders as a function of goals, age, and gender. Found that participants distinguished between vignettes characterized by prosocial versus self-protective goals. Goal type influenced emotional regulation decisions…

Compares differences between adolescent and older mothers on tests of infant motor, cognitive, social and language development; and first- and second-year abilities. Older mothers were better at predicting emergence of infant behaviors and first-year behaviors. There was no difference between groups in predicting second-year behaviors. (Author/BB)

A reliable instrument was developed to identify elementary-age children who have difficulty with time estimation, as indicated by choices on a pencil-and-paper test. The instrument was used to compare performances of learning disabled and nondisabled children. Findings provide empirical support for temporal difficulties among learning disabled…

Obtained and scored argumentative writing samples of fourth, sixth, tenth, and twelfth grade students. Found significant grade level differences in writing samples scored according to Toulmin's model of argument and a holistic scoring procedure. Few children in any grade used features of opposition or response to opposition in written arguments.…

Analyzes and compares the exploration, play, and problem-solving activities of typically developing (average) and at-risk infants when they manipulate novel objects. (BB)

A sample of twin boys and their mothers was followed up from age 2 to age 9. Mothers' responses to interview questions were compared across these two ages in order to assess mothers' perceptions of continuity or change in given behaviors. Results indicated substantial continuity in mothers' reports of the presence or absence of given behaviors.…

Current interests, activities, worries, and attitudes toward self and adults of 319 children between the ages of 9 and 14 were compared with the responses of 409 children in the same age range who had been surveyed in 1967. (Author/MP)

Forty second grade and 40 fifth grade elementary school children participated in a study to examine the relationship of three factors to the development of trust in children's peer relations: participation in a best friend relationship, social status, and changes in factors children consider when making judgments of trust. (RWB)