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Download full textSasayama, Shoko; Garcia Gomez, Pablo; Norris, John M. – ETS Research Report Series, 2021
This report describes the development of efficient second language (L2) writing assessment tasks designed specifically for low-proficiency learners of English to be included in the "TOEFL® Essentials"™ test. Based on the can-do descriptors of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages for the A1 through B1 levels of…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Writing Tests
Bruno, James V.; Cahill, Aoife; Gyawali, Binod – ETS Research Report Series, 2016
We present an annotation scheme for classifying differences in the outputs of syntactic constituency parsers when a gold standard is unavailable or undesired, as in the case of texts written by nonnative speakers of English. We discuss its automated implementation and the results of a case study that uses the scheme to choose a parser best suited…
Descriptors: Documentation, Classification, Differences, Syntax
