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Nabors Oláh, Leslie; Howell, Heather; Lai, Yvonne; DeLucia, Maria; Kim, Eun Mi – Educational Testing Service, 2020
There is a broad consensus that beginning teachers of mathematics need a strong foundation in mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT), defined as the mathematical knowledge required to recognize, understand, and respond to the mathematical work of teaching one must engage in. One recurrent challenge in teacher education is how to provide support…
Descriptors: Fractions, Comparative Analysis, Mathematics Instruction, Validity
Young, John W.; Holtzman, Steven; Steinberg, Jonathan – Educational Testing Service, 2011
In this research investigation of score comparability for language minority students (English language learners [ELLs] and former English language learners), we examined 3 indicators of score comparability (reliability, internal test structure, and differential item functioning) for 4th and 8th grade students who took the NCLB-mandated content…
Descriptors: Language Minorities, Second Language Learning, Grade 8, Minority Group Students