Automated scoring of free drawings or images as responses has yet to be used in large-scale assessments of student achievement. In this study, we propose artificial neural networks to classify these types of graphical responses from a TIMSS 2019 item. We are comparing classification accuracy of convolutional and feed-forward approaches. Our…

Application of MIRT modeling procedures is dependent on the quality of parameter estimates provided by the estimation software and techniques used. This study investigated model parameter recovery of two popular MIRT packages, BMIRT and flexMIRT, under some common measurement conditions. These packages were specifically selected to investigate the…

Stan is a new Bayesian statistical software program that implements the powerful and efficient Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithm. To date there is not a source that systematically provides Stan code for various item response theory (IRT) models. This article provides Stan code for three representative IRT models, including the…

Two software packages commonly used for multidimensional item response theory (IRT) models require the user to input values for the lower asymptotes of the item response functions. One way of selecting these values is to estimate lower asymptotes with a one-dimensional IRT model and use those estimates as fixed values in the multidimensional…

A QuickBASIC program is described that can be used to conduct Dunnett-like comparisons on a set of independent proportions. The statistical method used, based on Levy's statistical method (1975), is an extension of the well-known Dunnett test for multiple comparisons on means. (Author/SLD)

A large sample technique attributed to L. Marascuilo, based on the multiple comparison technique of H. Scheffe, was programmed with the Statistical Analysis System (SAS), focusing on comparisons among independent binomial samples. Use of the SAS program is discussed. (SLD)

The procedures required to obtain the approximate posterior standard deviations of the parameters in the three commonly used item response models for dichotomous items are described and used to generate values for some common situations. The results were compared with those obtained from maximum likelihood estimation. It is shown that the use of…

This paper describes a computer program which tests all pairwise comparisons of adjusted means in analysis of covariance by using Tukey-Kramer Test. The program contains: means of covariate, adjusted means of the criterion measure, sample size, mean square error, and the desired percentile point on the Studentized range distribution. (JAZ)

Matrix differencing of data vectors is introduced as a method for computing test variance and is compared to traditional analysis of variance. Applications for computer assisted instruction, provided by supplemental computer software, are also described. (Author/GDC)

In this study, the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) was used to program power calculations for multiple comparisons of two groups on "p" variables. Three programs were prepared to accommodate variations in the information that may be available to do the power analysis. (Author/SLD)

The viability of the FORTRAN computer language and its relationship to other languages (such as PASCAL) were discussed. A library of C language and assembly language FORTRAN-callable subroutines, developed for the use of behavioral science researchers, was introduced. (Author/GDC)

The Johnson-Neyman (JN) technique is a parametric alternative to analysis of covariance that permits nonparallel regression lines. This article presents computer programs for J-N using the transformational languages of SPSS-X and SAS. The programs are designed for two groups and one covariate. (Author/JAZ)

A computer program is described which provides comprehensive information on test profile differences among independent groups based upon profile centroid separation, shape, elevation, and scatter. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate measures of strength of association, test of homogeneity of covariance matrices, and comparative…

A QuickBASIC microcomputer program for conducting Tukey-like pairwise comparisons on "k" independent sample proportions is described. The program can accommodate applications involving equal or unequal sample sizes. Studentized range values are computed and displayed on a computer monitor, each of which represents a simple comparison…

Describes a FORTRAN software program that calculates the probability of an observed difference between agreement measures obtained from two independent sets of raters. An example illustrates the use of the DIFFER program in evaluating undergraduate essays. (Author/SLD)