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Ngu, Bing Hiong; Yeung, Alexander Seeshing; Phan, Huy P.; Hong, Kian Sam; Usop, Hasbee – Journal of Experimental Education, 2018
In an experiment, secondary students from Australia and Malaysia (n = 130) were randomly assigned to one of three approaches (equation, unitary, unitary-pictorial) to learn how to solve challenging percentage-change problems. In line with the differential types of cognitive load associated with the three approaches, the unitary-approach group…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Cross Cultural Studies
DiBattista, David; Sinnige-Egger, Jo-Anne; Fortuna, Glenda – Journal of Experimental Education, 2014
The authors assessed the effects of using "none of the above" as an option in a 40-item, general-knowledge multiple-choice test administered to undergraduate students. Examinees who selected "none of the above" were given an incentive to write the correct answer to the question posed. Using "none of the above" as the…
Descriptors: Multiple Choice Tests, Testing, Undergraduate Students, Test Items
Reed, Deborah K.; Kershaw-Herrera, Sarah – Journal of Experimental Education, 2016
To better understand dimensions of text complexity and their effect on the comprehension of adolescents, 103 high school seniors were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Each group read versions of the same 2 informational passages and answered comprehension test items targeting factual recall and inferences of causal content. Group A passages had a…
Descriptors: High School Seniors, Reading Materials, Difficulty Level, Readability
Liu, Ru-De; Ding, Yi; Gao, Bing-Cheng; Zhang, Dake – Journal of Experimental Education, 2015
This study aimed to examine the relations among property strategies, working memory, and multiplication tasks with 101 Chinese fourth-grade students. Two multiplication property strategies (associative and distributive) were compared with no strategy and demonstrated differentiated effects on students' accuracy and reaction time. Associative…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Elementary School Mathematics, Grade 4, Short Term Memory
Chen, Peggy; Zimmerman, Barry – Journal of Experimental Education, 2007
In this cross-national study, the authors compared mathematics self-efficacy beliefs of American (n = 107) and Taiwanese (n = 188) middle-school students for level and calibration (accuracy and bias). Taiwanese students surpassed Americans in math achievement. American students evidenced slightly higher self-efficacy levels for easy math items but…
Descriptors: Self Efficacy, Foreign Countries, Middle School Students, Cross Cultural Studies

Davey, Beth – Journal of Experimental Education, 1988
The contribution of passage variables, question types, and format variables to reading comprehension was assessed for 50 successful and 50 unsuccessful readers. A three-stage conditional regression assessed the predictability of 20 predictor features on item difficulty scores. The location of response information and stem length accounted for…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Difficulty Level, Elementary Secondary Education, Predictor Variables

Hsu, Tse-Chi; And Others – Journal of Experimental Education, 1984
The indices of item difficulty and discrimination, the coefficients of effective length, and the average item information for both single- and multiple-answer items using six different scoring formulas were computed and compared. These formulas vary in terms of the assignment of partial credit and the correction for guessing. (Author/BW)
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, Comparative Analysis, Difficulty Level, Guessing (Tests)

Clifford, Margaret M.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Education, 1989
Field observation studies involving 121 American and 200 Chinese third- through fifth-grade students, aged 8 to 11 years, examined developmental and cultural patterns in academic risk-taking. Variables assessed included developmental stage, situational factors, curricular emphasis, optimum risk level, cultural background, gender, and industrial…
Descriptors: Academic Aspiration, Child Development, Comparative Analysis, Cross Cultural Studies