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Wang, Jingwen; Angele, Bernhard; Ma, Guojie; Li, Xingshan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Since there are no spaces between words to mark word boundaries in Chinese, it is common to see 2 identical neighboring characters in natural text. Usually, this occurs when there are 2 adjacent words containing the same character (we will call such a coincidental sequence of 2 identical characters "repeated characters"). In the present…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Orthographic Symbols, Chinese, Comparative Analysis
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Fournet, Colas; Mirault, Jonathan; Perea, Manuel; Grainger, Jonathan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
In four experiments, we investigated the impact of letter case (lower case vs. UPPER CASE) on the processing of sequences of written words. Experiment 1 used the rapid parallel visual presentation (RPVP) paradigm with postcued identification of one word in a five-word sequence. The sequence could be grammatically correct (e.g., "the boy likes…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Reading Processes, Word Recognition, Punctuation
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Wen, Yun; Mirault, Jonathan; Grainger, Jonathan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
In 2 ERP experiments participants read 4-word sequences presented for 200 ms (RPVP paradigm) and were required to decide whether the word sequences were grammatical or not. In Experiment 1, the word sequence consisted of either a grammatically correct sentence (e.g., "she can sing now") or an ungrammatical scrambled sequence (e.g.,…
Descriptors: Syntax, Language Processing, Grammar, Brain Hemisphere Functions
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Grant, Angela M.; Brisson-McKenna, Maude; Phillips, Natalie A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Most language experiences take place at the level of multiple sentences. However, previous studies of second language (L2) comprehension have typically focused on lexical- and sentence-level processing. Our study addresses this gap by examining auditory discourse comprehension in 32 English/French bilinguals. We tested the prediction of the noisy…
Descriptors: Semantics, Physiology, Bilingualism, Short Term Memory
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Tierney, Adam; Rosen, Stuart; Dick, Fred – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Speech is more difficult to understand when it is presented concurrently with a distractor speech stream. One source of this difficulty is that competing speech can act as an attentional lure, requiring listeners to exert attentional control to ensure that attention does not drift away from the target. Stronger attentional control may enable…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Ability, Individual Differences, Speech Communication, Attention Control
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Charoy, Jeanne; Samuel, Arthur G. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
In conversational speech, it is very common for words' segments to be reduced or deleted. However, previous research has consistently shown that during spoken word recognition, listeners prefer words' canonical pronunciation over their reduced pronunciations (e.g., pretty pronounced [word omitted] vs. [word omitted]), even when the latter are far…
Descriptors: Pronunciation, Word Recognition, Spelling, Auditory Perception
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Li, Xiangqian; Li, Bingxin; Liu, Xuhong; Lages, Martin; Stoet, Gijsbert – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
In experiments with univalent target stimuli, task-switching costs can be eliminated if participants are unaware of the task rules and apply cue-target-response associations. However, in experiments with bivalent target stimuli, participants show task-switching costs. Participants may exhibit switch costs even when no task rules are provided in…
Descriptors: Chinese, Second Language Learning, Cues, Task Analysis
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Spinelli, Giacomo; Goldsmith, Samantha F.; Lupker, Stephen J.; Morton, J. Bruce – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
According to some accounts, the bilingual advantage is most pronounced in the domain of executive attention rather than inhibition and should therefore be more easily detected in conflict adaptation paradigms than in simple interference paradigms. We tested this idea using two conflict adaptation paradigms, one that elicits a list-wide…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Executive Function, Attention Control, Interference (Language)
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Bäuml, Karl-Heinz T.; Dobler, Ina M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Depending on the degree to which the original study context is accessible, selective memory retrieval can be detrimental or beneficial for the recall of other memories (Bäuml & Samenieh, 2012). Prior work has shown that the detrimental effect of memory retrieval is typically recall specific and does not arise after restudy trials, whereas…
Descriptors: Memory, Task Analysis, Recall (Psychology), Comparative Analysis
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Lavric, Aureliu; Clapp, Amanda; East, Antonia; Elchlepp, Heike; Monsell, Stephen – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
A key index of top-down control in task switching--preparation for a switch--is underexplored in language switching. The well-documented EEG "signature" of preparation for a task switch--a protracted positive-polarity modulation over the posterior scalp--has thus far not been reported in language switching, and the interpretation of…
Descriptors: Code Switching (Language), Diagnostic Tests, Task Analysis, Brain Hemisphere Functions
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Brandt, Annika C.; Schriefers, Herbert; Lemhöfer, Kristin – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
The aim of this study was twofold: first, to develop an experimental technique as a tool to investigate learning outcomes of spontaneous, naturalistic second language (L2) learning under controlled laboratory conditions; and second, to explore how this technique can be used to understand the basic conditions and limits of this learning. Two…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Grammar, Nouns
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Corey, Joanna D.; Hayakawa, Sayuri; Foucart, Alice; Aparici, Melina; Botella, Juan; Costa, Albert; Keysar, Boaz – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Though moral intuitions and choices seem fundamental to our core being, there is surprising new evidence that people resolve moral dilemmas differently when they consider them in a foreign language (Cipolletti et al., 2016; Costa et al., 2014a; Geipel et al., 2015): People are more willing to sacrifice 1 person to save 5 when they use a foreign…
Descriptors: Moral Issues, Values, Decision Making, Emotional Response
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Beatty-Martínez, Anne L.; Navarro-Torres, Christian A.; Dussias, Paola E.; Bajo, María Teresa; Guzzardo Tamargo, Rosa E.; Kroll, Judith F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Proficient bilinguals use two languages actively, but the contexts in which they do so may differ dramatically. The present study asked what consequences the contexts of language use hold for the way in which cognitive resources modulate language abilities. Three groups of speakers were compared, all of whom were highly proficient Spanish-English…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Schemata (Cognition), Language Usage, Psycholinguistics
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Gullifer, Jason W.; Titone, Debra – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
We investigated whether cross-language activation is sensitive to shifting language demands and language experience during first and second language (i.e., L1, L2) reading. Experiment 1 consisted of L1 French-L2 English bilinguals reading in the L2, and Experiment 2 consisted of L1 English-L2 French bilinguals reading in the L1. Both groups read…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Second Language Learning, Native Language, French
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Pajak, Bozena; Creel, Sarah C.; Levy, Roger – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
How are languages learned, and to what extent are learning mechanisms similar in infant native-language (L1) and adult second-language (L2) acquisition? In terms of vocabulary acquisition, we know from the infant literature that the ability to discriminate similar-sounding words at a particular age does not guarantee successful word-meaning…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Processing, Auditory Perception, Speech