When reading in a second language, a reader's first language may be involved. For word reading, the question is how and at what level: lexical, pre-lexical, or both. In three experiments, we employed an implicit reading task (color judgment) and an explicit reading task (word naming) to test whether a Chinese meaning equivalent character and its…

The relationship between first language (L1) typology, defined as the classification of languages according to their structural characteristics (e.g. phonological systems and writing systems), and the development of second (L2) and third (L3) language skills and literacy proficiency in multilingual children was investigated in this study. The…

The Uniform Slavic Transliteration Alphabet (USTA) was designed primarily with the following objectives: to aid librarians (catalogers and bibliographers), information scientists, transliterators, and editors of bibliographic works of the many Slavic tongues; and to serve as original research for the further development of a machine-readable…

THIS TEXT IS DESIGNED AS A MANUAL FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TO PROVIDE GENERAL INFORMATION ON ALTAIC LINGUISTICS, AS WELL AS BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION OTHERWISE DIFFICULT TO OBTAIN IN AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES. IN PART 1, THE AUTHOR CLASSIFIES THE ALTAIC LANGUAGES--MONGOLIAN, MANCHU-TUNGUS, CHUVASH-TURKIC, (WITH THE POSSIBLE INCLUSION OF KOREAN)--AND…