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Examining the Effects of Frustration on Working Memory Capacity
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Fillauer, Jonathan Parks; Bolden, Jennifer; Jacobson, Melanie; Partlow, Brock H.; Benavides, Andrea; Shultz, Jessica N. – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2020
The present study attempts to expand our understanding of frustration, clinical symptoms, and working memory by examining the unique contribution of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and frustration to working memory capacity (WMC). A factor-analytic framework was utilized to isolate and examine WMC based on results from three…
Descriptors: Accuracy, Short Term Memory, Psychological Patterns, Factor Analysis
Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Down Syndrome: Effects of the Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene
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Mason, Gina Marie; Spanó, Goffredina; Edgin, Jamie – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2015
This study examined individual differences in ADHD symptoms and executive function (EF) in children with Down syndrome (DS) in relation to the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene, a gene often linked to ADHD in people without DS. Participants included 68 individuals with DS (7-21 years), assessed through laboratory tasks, caregiver reports, and…
Descriptors: Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Individual Differences, Genetics
Continuous Performance Tasks: Not Just about Sustaining Attention
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Roebuck, Hettie; Freigang, Claudia; Barry, Johanna G. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2016
Purpose: Continuous performance tasks (CPTs) are used to measure individual differences in sustained attention. Many different stimuli have been used as response targets without consideration of their impact on task performance. Here, we compared CPT performance in typically developing adults and children to assess the role of stimulus processing…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Task Analysis, Adults, Children
Predictors of Informant Discrepancies between Mother and Middle School Teacher ADHD Ratings
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Yeguez, Carlos E.; Sibley, Margaret H. – School Mental Health, 2016
A diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) according to the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition" (DSM-5) is assessed in youth using ratings from both a parent and a teacher. However, individual and contextual differences between informants may lead to discrepancies in these ratings (De Los Reyes and Kazdin…
Descriptors: Mother Attitudes, Teacher Attitudes, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Institutional Characteristics
Music and Video as Distractors for Boys with ADHD in the Classroom: Comparison with Controls, Individual Differences, and Medication Effects
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Pelham, William E.; Waschbusch, Daniel A.; Hoza, Betsy; Gnagy, Elizabeth M.; Greiner, Andrew R.; Sams, Susan E.; Vallano, Gary; Majumdar, Antara; Carter, Randy L. – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2011
This study examined the effects of music and video on the classroom behavior and performance of boys with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and examined the effects of 0.3 mg/kg methylphenidate (MPH). In one study, 41 boys with ADHD and 26 controls worked in the presence of no distractor, music, or video. Video produced…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Video Technology, Student Behavior, Music
Personality Differences in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Controls
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Cukrowicz, Kelly C.; Taylor, Jeanette; Schatschneider, Chris; Iacono, William G. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006
Background: Differences in personality profiles were examined between children who differed in their co-morbidity of externalizing disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD). Methods: 11- and 17-year-old male and female twins from a community sample were categorized as ADHD only, CD only, co-morbid…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Personality, Profiles, Twins