American students are failing to demonstrate expected competency on basic skills taught in schools. The educational system needs a major overhaul to address declines in scholarly engagement. The State Board of Education (SBE) designed the California High School Exit Exam (CAHSEE) to give some merit to the high school diploma. Minorities and…

A diagnostic computational test given to 22 arithmetic teachers in 1930 was administered to a similar group of 35 elementary school teachers in 1973. The purpose was to compare and contrast computational errors made by the teachers. Findings revealed that 1973 teachers possess, on the average, more computational skills than the 1930 teachers. Both…

The Edmonton Grade III Achievement: 1956-1977 study is a comparison of achievement in reading, arithmetic, and language involving all of the third grade students in a large school system. Six basic skills tests which were administered to all of the Edmonton third grade students in 1956 were reprinted and administered to all of the third grade…