While a great deal of clinical research attention has been directed toward assertive training, there have been few studies examining the social impact or interpersonal evaluation of assertive versus unassertive behavior, including the differential evaluation of assertiveness exhibited by males and females. In this study, subjects observed a…

Differential responding for males and females on individual items from the Adult Self Expression Scale was investigated using four samples. Men report themselves as more assertive in dealing with bosses and supervisors. Women report themselves as more assertive in expressing love, affection, compliments, and anger to one's parents. (Author)

Male (N=24) and female (N=24) college students at two southern universities role-played situations requiring them to either make or refuse a request. Results indicated that population differences exerted some influence on assertive behavior but sex differences did not. (RC)

Both women and blacks are often seen as inferior, emotional, harmless, content in their places, and nonverbally submissive, and are subject to overt discrimination in education, employment, and politics. Assertiveness training, a popular means used by women to overcome or combat sexism, could be equally effective in combatting racism. Assertive…

The process of assertive behavior change of college women who received assertion training (AT) and cognitive restructuring was examined to assess the relative effects of different durations of exposure to cognitive restructuring. Undergraduate and graduate women students (N=27) at a state university volunteered and were screened for AT groups.…

A total of 136 mothers of preschool-age children participated in interviews about their disciplinary style. Children of power-assertive mothers engaged in more antisocial or disruptive behavior than other children and expected successful instrumental outcomes for hostile methods of resolving peer conflict. (LB)